Cultural Values And Social Values - 1439 Words

Culture plays a key role in individual motivation. Culture is defined as, â€Å"†¦values, attitudes, meanings (attributed to language), beliefs, and ways of acting and interacting that are learned and shared by a group of people over a period of history and are often taken for granted as reality by those within the ‘said’ culture† (Glazer, 2002, p. 146). If culture defines our values and beliefs, then culture influences our cognitive representations of needs, in turn affecting how individuals perceive his/her own needs. Different perceptions of needs alter individuals’ goals and how they are achieved. The way we act and interact comes from our culture’s desire to express core cultural values. Looking into cultural values provides context for understanding what might motivate individuals. Hofstede (1980) and Schwartz (1999) have each developed a cultural values framework. Cultural value frameworks Hofstede’s dimensions of culture were postulated from access to an IBM employee survey database obtained from over 50 countries (Hofstede, 1983). Initial factor analysis matrices of 32 values questions developed four dimensions of culture: individualism versus collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity versus femininity (Hofstede, 1980). Later, a fifth and sixth dimension were added: long-term vs. short-term orientation and indulgence vs. restraint (Hofstede et al., 2010). These dimensions relate to Schwartz (1999) purposed three dimensions of sevenShow MoreRelatedSocial And Cultural Values On Economic Development1764 Words   |  8 PagesSocial and cultural values directly affect economic development through the attitudes toward progress and changes in perspective. Dynamics of economic development in different countries vary as those countries recognize the different values and views on the economy. Some societies that are valuing achievement and personal gain experience a greater and faster level of economic development than the societies that discourage personal achievement and collection of wealth. â€Å"Changes in social structuresRead MoreModernization And Western Cultural Values On The Social Status1666 Words   |  7 PagesFriday March 4 at 5:00pm.   A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In at least 5 sentences (with clear and distinct points) explain the impact of â€Å"modernization† and western cultural values on the (1) social status and (2) economic status of â€Å"Third World† women during the colonial period. (400-500 words) 5 points 1. The results of modernization and western cultural values on the social status and economic status in â€Å"Third World† women can be greatly attributed and resulted from colonialism, industrialization, and economic andRead MoreValues and Ethics in Social Work, Cultural Competency Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesIn the National Association for Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics, there are many standards a social worker should uphold in order to promote a healthy and helpful relationship with the client. One such aptitude is Cultural Competence and Social Diversity, which is in section 1.05 of the NASW code of ethics (National Association of Social Workers, 2008). There are three sections associated with this competency â€Å"Social workers should understand culture and its function in human behavior and societyRead MoreSocial Cultural Factors : The Basic Beliefs And Values Of Consumers Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesSocial-cultural factors outlines the basic beliefs an d values of consumers. It is the forces that influences an individual’s way of thinking, lifestyles and behaviors. Marketers must take into consideration the various characteristics of the consumers it is going to sell or target as this is vital in the development of marketing strategies, therefore, making the product or services appealing to customers. One important development is the changing and growth in racial and ethnicity, affecting theRead MoreBrainwashed By Advertising : A Cultural Force, Social Values And The Quality Of Life1410 Words   |  6 Pagescan be found almost anywhere from small town flyers to multi-million dollar Super Bowl TV spots. Advertising affects almost all facets of society, and although initially imagined as an economic tool, advertising is now, â€Å"a socio-cultural force, influencing social values and the quality of life,† (Bondrea and Stefanescu-Mihailia 341). Advertising has both positive and negative influences on society, and depen ding on opinion, these influences can outweigh each other. While advertising can be used positivelyRead MoreImpact of Media on Socio-Cultural Values and Social Institution in Indian Society10316 Words   |  42 Pagesand globalized political world, the challenge of the media is to provide extensive coverage of global politics and to examine the impact of these influences in specific national contexts. The mass media has a role to influence socio-political and cultural settings. Numbers of researchers have been conducting studies worldwide to investigate what they might contribute to an understanding of the economic and other factors that influence mass media, and how the media in turn influence the political climateRead MoreThe Social And Cultural Values Of The Peasant And Upper Classes Of Sicily Post Wwii Influence2209 Words   |  9 PagesAn Investigation into Salvatore Giuliano, the â€Å"Robin Hood† of Sicily: How did the social and cultural values of the peasant and upper classes of Sicily post WWII influence each classes’ perception of Salvatore Giuliano? Caitlyn Chiappini Candidate Number: Sturgis Charter Public School SL History Internal Assessment Session: May 2016 DATE Word Count: 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section A: Plan of Investigation . . . . . . . 3 Section B: Summary of Evidence. . . . . . 4, 5 Section C: EvaluationRead MoreWhat Are the Differences with Regard to Cultural Values Across Social Classes and Their Implications on Different Product Categories?1223 Words   |  5 Pages†¢ â€Å"emerging India† households could be classified into five groups based on annual household income (Social Classes): o â€Å"deprived† consisting of 103 million households of mostly subsistence farmers and unskilled labourers o â€Å"aspires† consisting of 91.3 million households including small-scale shopkeepers, famers with small areas of owned land, or industrial workers (expected this group would reduce from 41 percent to around 35 percent due their moving to the middle class o â€Å"seekers† consistingRead MoreValue And Its Influence On People s Living1533 Words   |  7 Pagesand fulfill the value of life, such as happiness, health , love, and making difference. On the other hand, values determine every life decision that people makes (Determine the true purpose of money in your life, 2016). Value is the monetary worth of something, which has great influence on indivudual’s behavior and attitude. When a purchase decision is made, it involves a value calculation. In general, value is measured by price. But the price does not really reflect the true value. The most commonRead MoreCross Cultural Psychology And Social Psychology1723 Words   |  7 Pages13 Signature Assignment Cross-cultural psychology involves the examination of relationships between cultural context and human behavior (Berry, Poortinga, Breugelmans, Chasiotis and Sam, 2011, p. 2). Research in the area of cross-cultural psychology is aimed at comparing specific covert and overt behaviors of two or more cultures. More specifically, cross-cultural psychology examines the â€Å"†¦similarities and differences in psychological functioning in various cultural and ethnocultural groups†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p

The Linear Regression Project Is The Amount Of Time...

The Linear Regression Project By Samantha LeStourgeon Fall 2016: Term Project – STA2023 Professor Santra What is the relationship between the amounts of time spent playing video games and your amount of sleep? Introduction Nearly every day, you can read articles about urbanized countries throughout the world, with issues or concerns arising from individuals playing video games for excessive amounts of time. Individuals form addictions to a surge in excessive or violent behaviors, commonly found among teens or younger children. Studies also indicate playing excessive amounts of video games can also have an effect on your sleeping patterns in a negative way. For instance, playing an extreme amount of video games prior to going to bed may create a more difficult time in falling asleep. So, I decided to take on a similar yet different type of study to discover out how much video gaming an average high schooler plays each night and how this may affect how many hours of sleep he/she receives. I was unable to find any online articles for this type of study, so I decided to find out for myself using the high school population at a local school. As the study began, I did believe that students who particip ated in excessive video gaming may receive less sleep. Statement of Task The focus of this study was to investigate if the amount of time students spend playing video games each evening may have an influence on the quantity of sleep the average high-school studentShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesOlsen, Jay Devore Acquisitions Editor: Carolyn Crockett Development Editor: Danielle Derbenti Assistant Editor: Beth Gershman Editorial Assistant: Ashley Summers Technology Project Manager: Colin Blake Marketing Manager: Joe Rogove Marketing Assistant: Jennifer Liang Marketing Communications Manager: Jessica Perry Project Manager, Editorial Production: Jennifer Risden Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: Vernon Boes Print Buyer: Karen Hunt Permissions Editor: Isabel Alves Production Service:Read MoreInstructor Manual37126 Words   |  149 Pagesto all of my colleagues who have contributed to this manual. Very few of the ideas contained in here are totally original. Thanks much to all of you for spending so much time discussing how you do things in class and allowing me to share your ideas in this manual. F. Robert Jacobs i TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Videos included on the student DVD Additional pedagogical resources that come with the book Chapter Outlines, Tips, Case Teaching Notes and Extra Cases Chapter 1 – Operations andRead MoreA Concise Guide to Market Research Using Spss71933 Words   |  288 Pagesmarket research process. This included asking market research question(s), collecting data, and analyzing these using quantitative methods. This book provides an introduction to the skills necessary for conducting or commissioning such market research projects. It is written for two audiences. First, it is aimed at undergraduate as well as postgraduate students in business and market research. Second, it is aimed at practitioners wishing to know more about market research, or those who need a practicalRead MoreThe Impact of Electronic Media on Performance of Students11847 Words   |  48 Pageswithin what is referred to as â€Å"media effects† debate which to a great extent focuses on the potentiall y negative impact of the media on young people’s lives: video violence, gambling, educational performance, mass consumerism, etc. three main reasons for why media influence, should be given a closer look: 1. Student spends more time with the mass media than they do in school or with their parents. 2. The media are full of portrayals that glamorize risky adult behavior such as excessiveRead MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pageswilling to buy the asset from them. While this may provide a basis for some profits, it is a dangerous game to play, since there is no guarantee that such an investor will still be around when the time to sell comes. A postulate of sound investing is that an investor does not pay more for an asset than its worth. This statement may seem logical and obvious, but it is forgotten and rediscovered at some time in every generation and in every market. There are those who are disingenuous enough to argue thatRead MoreStudy of Recruitment Process and E- Recruitment12119 Words   |  49 Pagesthe Internet, and correspond with the applicants by e-mail. It brings the benefits to the organizations. Recruitment acts as a link between the employers and the job seekers and ensures the placement of right candidate at the right place at the right time. Using and following the right recruitment processes can facilitate the selection of the best candidates for the organisation. In this is competitive global world and increasing flexibility in the labour market, recruitment is becoming more and moreRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagescompanies they create. Our project’s primary purpose was to uncover the origins of innovative—and often disruptive— business ideas. So we interviewed nearly a hundred inventors of revolutionary products and services, as well as founders and CEOs of game-changing companies built on innovative business ideas. These were people such as eBay’s Pierre Omidyar, Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, Research In Motion’s Mike Lazaridis, and Salesforce.com’s Marc Benioff. For a full list of innovators we interviewed whomRead MoreCost Accounting134556 Words   |  539 PagesDavis Table of Contents Chapter 1 Cost Accounting: How Managers User Cost Accounting Information Chapter 15 Using Differential Analysis for Production Decisions Chapter 2 Cost Concepts and Behaviour Chapter 16 Managing Quality and Time Chapter 3 Cost System Design: An Overview Chapter 17 Planning and Budgeting Chapter 4 Job Costing Chapter 18 Flexible Budgeting and Performance Evaluation Chapter 5 Process Costing Chapter 19 Performance Evaluation: Cost Variances Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 ResourceRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pages one of the earliest theoretically rigorous textbooks in Wnancial management. His co-authored books, Management Accounting: Evolution not Revolution (CIMA, 1989) and Management Accounting: Pathways to Progress (CIMA, 1994), were published during a time of dramatic change in UK management accounting practice. These textbooks contributed to the UK management accounting transformation from the costing clerk credo to strategic management proper. In 1999, he was voted the British Accounting Association

Audit Strategic Planning Devoid of Risk

Question: Describe about the Audit Strategic Planning for Devoid of Risk. Answer: Introduction It is a common parlance that each business is vulnerable to various kinds of risks. The companies are unable to keep the risks at bay even after proper consideration of the risk and strategic planning. Such a risk is define as inherent risk and is relate to the activity of the business without any consideration of the nature of business. Financial fraud is on the rise and hence, it is important to have strong audit in practice. There are certain factors that need to be taken into consideration. Even the audit is not devoid of risk (Gilbert et. al, 2005). There are various factors that influence the audit process and the auditor need to shed light on it. Auditor plays a vital role and therefore, the decision provided by the auditor plays a leading role. It is the duty of an auditor to maintain personal touch with the management so that information associated with errors and frauds in the financial statements can be effectively assess. Such an auditor must make proper enquiries with th e management to ascertain the truthfulness of financial information. Furthermore, the auditors opinion depends on the notion of reasonable certification and hence he must not assure any traces of errors and frauds in the financial statements. Acceptable Audit Risk An auditor is a key functionary in building the credibility of the company. His assessment and judgement go a long way in creating a stable report with sincerity and with honest facts and opinions. His responsibility is not to just plan and perform the auditing responsibility with reasonable assurance but also create value for the stakeholders in the entire process. In doing so, he carries residual risk or the audit risk of issuing an unqualified report due to his failure to detect misrepresentation, fraud, or errors (Fazal, 2013). His opinion gives the confidence whether the financial statements are error free and of any material misstatement. A later discovery of fraud or misrepresentation by the company that the auditors could have detected within his powers can attract penalty and criminal charges against the audit firm and the auditor. Audit firms subscribe to malpractice insurance to manage this risk and the potential legal liability (Manoharan, 2011). While communicating about the discovery of errors and frauds with the management, auditors must take into account the integrity of financial information. During the audit process, if an auditor has reasonable grounds to believe that even the management is involved in the fraud, then he must make proper steps to communicate such happenings with the superior authorities and must consider the position of indulged personnel in such fraud. The auditor in his best judgement and experience has to consider the best outcome factors that will determine his issuance of the unqualified report. However, the audit reports can go wrong in matters such as issuing an unqualified report where qualification is reasonably justified, issuing a qualified opinion without substance, failing to magnify an important factor in the audit report, and providing an opinion on the financials where the limitation of the scope does not require that opinion (Parker et. al, 2011). Audit risk is a component of various factors that lead to an audit activity. The entire process of audit can be broken up into components that make up the entirety of audit risk. These components by a commonly accepted model are Inherent Risk, Control Risk, and Detection Risk. Audit Risk = Inherent Risk * Control Risk * Detection Risk Audit risk is a product of all these three risks. The auditor has to have a measure of these risks and ensure these stay in their acceptable limits to allow the Audit risk to be minimize. Inherent Risk It is the risk of material misstatement in the financials due to errors of omission or commission and specific control failures. These risks are especially broad in where a large spectrum is judgement and estimation is involved or transactions get very complex. For example, financial organisations indulging in hedging and speculative derivatives will pose a risk of loose control and highly informal way of recording risk. This risk will get reduced in a en established environment for a company where method of control and recording are stable and developed (Roach, 2010). Control Risk It is the risk arising due to failure or absence of operational controls in the organization. Organizations need to have adequate internal controls for prevention and detection of frauds and errors (Livne, 2015). This assessment needs to be more carefully for smaller firms where there is no specialization of tasks/processes and many control features might not be established which could actually minimize the effects of control risks. Detection Risk This is the risk that inspite of certain indications, auditors might fail to add up the signals and reach to the potential fraud or misrepresentation. It is the auditors responsibility to apply audit procedures and detect material misinterpretations, or representations. The failure to follow certain procedures and potential omissions happens due to limitations that are inherent in respect of sampling selection. This can be reducing by increasing the number of sample transactions (Livne, 2015). These form part of the audit risk model where the auditors examine the inherent and control risks of audit engagement while understanding the environment and operational efficacy of the organisation. Detection risk is the residual risk after into consideration the previous two risks as mentioned and the overall audit risk that the auditor is comfortable to take upon himself. These above factors form the basis of the audit risk and there are some external factors which might make the auditors consider their opinion on the risks of the organization for which audit is carried out. We discuss below how the below factors affect the audit risk. User reliance on financial statements It is known as Engagement risk at the financial statement level and is affected by the final use and urgency or seriousness of the use by the end user. For example, if the financial statements are to be use for a credit appraisal process, the motivation of the management to influence the auditor will be very high and the auditor will have an added pressure to adhere to the exact standards or create favourable opinion (Hoffelder, 2012). This might in instances lead to window-dressing of the statements. Essentially the risk of the end usage increases the risk of closer scrutiny which might create a bias in the mind if the auditor whether to really grasp all the nuances or let few slides if the end user is just for common public. Likelihood of financial difficulties The going concern principle applies to all commercial entities unless specified so or indications are seen through the liquidity of the organization. It is the auditors responsibility to detect and magnify areas that can be potential for continuity issues and for such examination, desired level of evidence has to be collected. If a doubt arises, the management plans should be consider mitigating destructive information reflected in the financial statements (Horngren, 2013). The management can also mislead such information and it takes a very incisive and sometimes experienced auditor to see through the planning to check if the company will really be serious. It is important for the auditor to keep aside his personal biases in determining the facts in such cases (Lapsley, 2012). Management of the firm being audited The integrity of the management is an important factor in controlling the auditors risk. A way to document this is the clients acceptance/continuance form. Managements attitude towards standards, follow-ups, setting policies for internal control and their seriousness will make the auditors job that much easier (Cappelleto, 2010). This will also set the tone for the employees to follow and the component risks can be minimize or measured. It is in the auditors well-being that he keeps reminding the management about the importance of strong internal controls, documentations, which will help, reduce his own bias and judgement issues in giving a qualification on the audit. Effective use of the decision of auditors by the audit firms facilitates in contracting the gap. As per various studies, audit standards can be effectively maintained through the proper assistance of auditors decisions, thereby providing great help to the people. Furthermore, when an auditor performs audit processes wit h dubiousness, it facilitates in high quality audit because it ensures that every uncertain situations are taken into account. Conclusion Audit strategies for large and small firms will vary on the factors of complexity and management efficiency levels. Sometimes large firms use a lot of procedural rules and by-laws to manipulate the same information a small company cannot hide from its auditors/end users (Cappelleto, 2010). The risk of audit hangs not just in the necks of the auditor but the company at large. It will assist him to be attentive about the information incorporated in the financial statements and he is bound to accept such received information only when other details oppose with the former one. Hence, investigation must not be conducted before this. Such examples happen repeatedly where auditors and management work hand-in-glove to create Enrons of the world. To avoid such fallen standards of auditing, it is important for the auditing companies to build models to be following and procedures to be report for all audits. References Cappelleto, G. 2010, Challenges Facing Accounting Education in Australia, AFAANZ, Melbourne Fazal, H 2013, What is Intimidation threat in auditing?, viewed 15 September 2016, https://pakaccountants.com/what-is-intimidation-threat-in-auditing/. Gilbert, W. Joseph J and Terry J. E 2005, The Use of Control Self-Assessment by Independent Auditors, The CPA Journal, vol.3, pp. 66-92 Hoffelder, K 2012, New Audit Standard Encourages More Talking, Harvard Press. Horngren, C 2013, Financial accounting, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W, Pearson Australia Group. Lapsley, I. 2012, Commentary: Financial Accountability Management, Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 291-292. Livne, G 2015, Threats to Auditor Independence and Possible Remedies, viewed 15 September 2016, https://www.financepractitioner.com/auditing-best-practice/threats-to-auditor-independence-and-possible-remedies?full. Manoharan, T.N. 2011, Financial Statement Fraud and Corporate Governance, The George Washington University. Parker, L, Guthrie, J Linacre, S 2011, The relationship between academic accounting research and professional practice, Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 5-14. Roach, L 2010, Auditor Liability: Liability Limitation Agreements, Pearson.

Is music a good tool for health free essay sample

According to the article, â€Å" Is Music a Good Tool for Health â€Å", by Elizabeth Scott, hospitals are using music as therapy to treat different illness, such as depression, pain, movement, and even cancer. First, the author states that research shows faster beats helps with concentration and focus, while slower music calms the mind. However, music has a lasting effect on an individual that is positive. Next, she claims that research also shows music therapy can help with breathing, heart rate, and relaxation. Lastly, she mentions that music can be used to control chronic stress and anxious. One Idea that I find significant from the article â€Å" Is Music a Good Tool for Health†, is â€Å" Hospitals are beginning to use music therapy to help with pain management, depression, to promote movement, to calm patients, to ease muscle tension, and other benefits. † In other words, music is beginning to have an important roll for different treatments in hospitals, by helping patients who suffers of different illnesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Is music a good tool for health? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One example that supports this idea is when I got pneumonia, two years ago. I had to stay in the hospital for like about two to three weeks, but the idea of staying there for that long was already killing me. The first two days were the worst days of my life, I remember how I didn’t even want to eat, and because of that my defense was going down and down, which was not good at all for my illnesses. However, since I had a studio recording I used to make beats, so I asked my brother to synchronize my iPad with some of the projects I have done it, and bring it to me. Once I got it I downloaded a beats maker application named â€Å" Fruit Loops Mobile â€Å", which I was going to use to work with the projects I had. I started of doing corrections and improvements on my beats, spending almost all the time of my days listening to my music on my iPad. The concentration and dedication I putted to listen to my music every day and make every effect sounds great, walked my mind away into a certain point that I forgot I was not home or I had a disease. The medications I had to take every two hours, the nurse routine of checking my defense every day or having my mother on top of me so I could eat right were not a way to annoy me, as long as I was able to listen to my music I was pleasure to do everything they said. After all, I left the hospital in only 10 days, which was at least 4 days, less than what we all expected. With this personal example, I proved that music therapy does promote benefits to health. In addition, I found that music helps people to keep a stable behavior and stay them away from stress. I remember when I was in the hospital; there was a lady next to my room who suffered of depression. I felt bad for the girl because nobody was coming to visit her; therefore, she was always crying and screaming that nobody loves her. It was a really sad, I felt empathy for her. However, that could not disturb my mind, once I started of listening to music I forgot about the world. It is like if I did not heard the lady screaming or crying, all that remains in my mind were waves of melodies from the songs and beats that I was listening to. It was all about the music. In conclusion, I truly agree with the author that music is an amazing medicinal therapy. I prove this with the two personal experiences I wrote down before. Besides a great method of relaxation, music also promotes good health for any person who consumes it at its best.