Black Elk Speaks by John G. Neihardt Essay

Black Elk Speaks by John G. Neihardt is the story told by an Ogalala Lakota Sioux of his life in the latter part of the nineteenth century. Yet Black Elk is reluctant to tell â€Å"his† story because he does not separate himself from all life, â€Å"my friend, I am going to tell you the story of my life, †¦ It is the story of all life that is holy and good to tell† (Neihardt 1). Within the Lakota there is a sense of community that is both innocent and refreshing. For Black Elk the community includes all life, â€Å"of us two-leggeds sharing it with the four-leggeds and the wings of the air and all green things; for these are the children of one mother and their father is one Spirit† (Neihardt 9). The community was the earth and everything that lived on it and the great spirit above. Prior to the arrival of the Waischus, the Americans moving from the east, the Lakota life seems idyllic, â€Å"once we were happy in our own country and we were seldom hungry, for then the two-leggeds and the four-leggeds lived together like relatives, and there was plenty for them and for us† (Neihardt 9). Contrast this â€Å"universal community† with that in O! Pioneers by Willa Cather. The community of the pioneers in Nebraska was much more tightly focused into increasingly smaller groups: the community, the neighbors, the family and the individual. This smallness of community did not lead to a community of satisfied people sharing a life together. Instead, it seemed to lead to a desire to compete for more and more land. Yet, when they had worked hard for their land, they didn’t find happiness, they weren’t satisfied, they just wanted more. When people begin to talk about Alexandria’s friend Carl who was staying with her and people are saying that Alexandria is going to give him her money. Her brothers are angry, they had planned that Alexandria would leave her property to her nieces and nephews. â€Å"‘Give him?’ Lou shouted. ‘Our property, our homestead?'† (Cather 142). It wasn’t their land but they wanted it, they wanted if for the money it would make, not because their money and property had made them happy, for it hadn’t, but just because they didn’t want someone else to have it (Cather 140-147). The Lakota did not own property, but they were happy. They lived with it. They took what they needed and left the rest. Despite the prominence of the community in Black Elk Speaks, there is an acceptance of what is different. When Black Elk told his father of his vision, his father accepted it immediately and began helping him develop his power. Contrast this with the treatment of Crazy Ivar in O! Pioneers. Crazy Ivar was a man who chose to live alone in a sod house, wore no shoes, ate no meat and spent his time reading his Norwegian Bible or building a pond where migrating birds could rest. People were afraid of Crazy Ivar because he was different. They were frightened of him and wanted to put him in an asylum (Cather 84-5). Unlike the Lakota, the Waischus wanted to acquire land and they fought to change it and mold it into the way they wanted it to be. Alexandria, in O! Pioneers is an admirable woman. She is strong, courageous, and self-sufficient. Alexandria was in many ways the ideal American pioneer who worked hard and gained her fortune. Even today the American public is much more likely to admire a self-made millionaire than they are a man who leads a simple life and is happy. Despite this attitude, the fast-paced life of the hardworking American today seems to lead to anger, road rage, and frustration. The damage that has been done to the planet in the last century will take years to repair, if it can ever be done. Given these things, one wonders if the Waischus chose the right path. Works Cited Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1932.    Cather, Willa. O Pioneers!. Los Angeles: LRS, 1997.   

Pros and Cons of Computers Essay

During this time, there are a lot of changes that has happened to our world. New discoveries and inventions were found. One of these inventions is the computer. By this machine, our way of life and thinking have drastically changed. There are advantages and disadvantages of using this machine. For example, because of computers we can store data and make stay in its original state, like pictures, documents and other things. This was not possible in the earlier time. Because of it, we can store large amounts of data and make this data available for usage at anytime we needed it (Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.5). Computers have made information â€Å"immortal†per se. This machine has saved a lot of time for us, it has made processing, which took us ages to finish, done in a matter of seconds. This involves computing, organizing, showing images, recording and playing audio, and showing a video (Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.2). All these are simplified by computer in a quick time. In addition, this machine is very durable, it rarely breaks with proper care(Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.3). Even if computers have good to us, but it can also bring harm to us. Like the violation of privacy, many of us save personal information on computers, but there are instances that these computers be hacked by another person, and this person will can spread your personal information or steal your identity(Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.9). Also there is the health risk, even if there are proper position or usage of the computer, most of us tend to disregard these memos, and because of our ignorance and prolong use of computers we experience seizures, carpal tunnel and other disorders (Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.8). There is also the effect on our industries. Some tend to lay off workers, because this machine can do it more consistent and accurate than the average man (Shelly & Vermaat, 2011, para.11). The computer is great invention for of us, but we must control ourselves and acknowledge the disadvantage, not only the advantage. Gary Shelly and Misty Vermaat. Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers .

Cars Enslave Us Rather Than Liberate Us Essay

How much effort do you put in travelling to school or workplace each week? Created in 1870, cars have been one of the most useful and spectacular inventions of human beings. The society we live in has recently became completely reliant on these fuel-burning vehicles. It is widely discuss whether cars are a blessing or a real nightmare that may lead people astray. As a young driver, I firmly believe in the liberating power of cars. Not only do they facilitate life, but also encourage to broadens one’s horizons, which may be justified in the following essay. To begin with, cars allow people to travel from place to place with no limits. Basically, they give a perfect opportunity for those who live in the suburbs and have no access to the public transport. Living far away from the city requires the involvement of other people, typically parents, who drive their children to various places. Otherwise, how would they be able to develop and participate in some additional activities, like volunteering or learning to play the violin? It is important to stress that these ingenious machines may give people the fantastic experience of travelling round the world without worrying about covering long distances having a place to sleep when one is on the way! Furthermore, cars have an unquestionable advantage over the means of public transport. Given the choice between walking in the rain to get to the bus station or taking a car and driving directly to one’s destination, who would not prefer the latter? Rarely do people claim that cars are less convenient or luxurious that buses owing to having the air-conditioning system or soft seats. What is more, there is little possibility of getting stuck in the crowd or being exposed to delay or robbery. Surprisingly, people who travel with the use of public transport are more likely to be late and to demonstrate continual anxiety. On the other hand, cars are very expensive to maintain. They burn a lot of fuel and, therefore, force people to be more restrictive about their expenses. However, public transport is not free too. For a five-member family, it is quite more beneficial to have a car since it not only saves money, but also a lot of free time that can be spent on more pleasant activities. To conclude, living without a car appears to have a lot of serious disadvantages. It strikes me that these vehicles save a lot of time and do not put any demand to subordinate to timetables. To my mind, they liberate us rather than enslave us.

Organization Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organization Selection - Essay Example The Professional Standard Committee regularly reviews the RPC to ensure the timely change required in the changing environment of Canada in the workplace. The RPC has eight functional elements which apply to the academic along with experiential knowledge. The academic knowledge is based on the policies, privileges and accountabilities of the labor as well as the management, training development and human rights along with payments. Conversely, the experimental knowledge is based on wisdom acquired from the academic knowledge. Experimental knowledge incorporates the ethical issues, which enables to deal with the high profile people strategically. The RPC for the purpose of staffing in Canada deals with identifying the potential sources of candidates to support the organization’s strategic directions. The purpose of staffing is to attract competent candidates and to evaluate the effectiveness of recruiting by following the benchmarking techniques and analytical tools. Analyzing the areas for the selection and establishing the screening–assessment procedure are also key constituents of staffing. It also entails establishing the procedure for appointment based on the various concepts such as past experience and testing techniques. The subsequent step relates to developing contracts for employment following the norms of the organization wherein any misconduct might lead to termination. Furthermore, developing strategy for maintaining and protecting assets of the company is ensured by preserving the dignity of the employees. (Human Resource Professional of Newfoundland & Labrador, n.d; Catano et al., 2009). Question 2 The preparation of annual report of an organization on the basis of the recruitment and selection depends on various functional aspects. The purpose of the annual report is to exhibit the efficiency and effectiveness of the functions. The purpose of the recruitment and selection process is to absorb the right person for the right position in accordance with the skills required. The reputation of the company depends on the employees of the organization. Thus, emphasizing the importance of selection and recruitment is important. It is one of the guiding values, which adds to the success of the company. The transparency in the activities of the employees adds value to the organization. Adoption of a fair approach for selection and employing the best candidates for the right job are the key values followed by the organization. The importance of the R&S process depends largely on the perception of the person and self-evaluation of the person (Rees & French, 2010). The annual report will largely focus on the key aspects for attracting and recruiting staff in the organization. These strategic approaches are implemented for the purpose of R&S. The ability of the qualified candidates in ensuring the achievement of the company objective through their strategic decisions is valued and estimated through the annual report. The gr owing needs of the organization in accordance with the policies and practices are also valued and evaluated all through the year to judge the effectiveness of the R&S process. The qualified candi

Media Critic, George Gerbner observes that what we see on TV and in Essay

Media Critic, George Gerbner observes that what we see on TV and in magazines eventually becomes our standard of reality and de - Essay Example Many peoples lives are sedentary and feature little exercise. As several researchers have indicated, in strident tones: â€Å"According to the American Obesity Association, 65% of adults and 30% of children are overweight, and 30% of adults and 15% of children meet the criteria for obesity. Rarely playing outdoors, children spend their days chatting online or watching TV while snacking on nutritionally empty foods. The average child spends 4 hours per day watching TV, and only 1 hour per day completing homework† (Derenne and Beresin, 1). These health problems are causing a crisis in body image perspectives. Because people are living such unhealthy lives, they see the gap between their own bodies and bodies they see in entertainment products, and this may result in depression or other disorders. The entertainment industry unwittingly encourages this by refusing to feature people with â€Å"normal† or â€Å"average† bodies and by promoting unfortunate stereotypes. These issues can affect both men and women, but it appears that more magazines target women's insecurities and can have a big impact on them (Grogan, 108). Films do a great deal to shape our ideas of body image. One example would be the American film, the Nutty Professor starring Eddie Murphy. In this film, the Klump family is shown to be hugely obese. Each member of the family has bad hygiene and appears foolish; they are in the film to be laughed at. This is typical of the portrayal of overweight people in contemporary films: they are comedic subjects to be mocked. Rather than show them as people with a full range of feeling and complex motivations, the entertainment industry reduces them to silly stereotypes. This occurs in many films. Is it any wonder that overweight people see these images and internalize the negative energy surrounding them? It is not hard to see how people can develop eating disorders or low self esteem from the constant bombardment of such images. The altern ative can be true for music videos. Music videos are famous for their sexually idealized representations of both sexes, but especially of women. In many videos, half-naked women cavort around luxury sports cars. Men sing about their bodies as if they were mere objects. The most desirous women are those who are thin, have large breasts, and wear lots of make up. They wear clothes that reveal their body. To young people watching these images, the shows of wealth and power suggest that these things are attracted to these kinds of bodies. These bodies, viewers are told, are to be emulated, as they are the key to gaining access to this privileged world. While this is true for many kinds of music videos, there are some videos by artists such as Pink and Christina Aguilera which try to counteract the messages of most music videos. These rare videos tell viewers that they are special just they way they are and that they do not need to change in order to fit into a stereotype. It is evident that music videos largely portray unattainable body images, but that some videos do tell a different story, one of innate rather than physical value. Many television shows have similar body image issues as music videos and films. Attractiveness is everything. The comedian Chris Farley was routinely mocked for being overweight on Saturday Night Live. He eventually died from a drug overdose. Clearly, his life was very unhealthy.

Coprorate Ethics Issues in PSEG and Boeing Essay

Coprorate Ethics Issues in PSEG and Boeing - Essay Example These corporate laws are set by the government and companies but its implementation lies squarely with the employees. According to Nayar (2009), companies must develop trust as it is an essential component which makes customers and shareholders believe in the management. In this paper, I analyse two companies to establish if they have regulations that define their relationships with employees, clients, its suppliers, shareholders and other companies. Public Service Enterprise Group (PSEG) This is a company with its headquarters in Parsippany, New Jersey. It is an energy generating company formed in 1903 by merging services of 400 independently owned fuel and electric supply companies. This was done out of the need to enhance service delivery to the locals through a centrally governed public company. Under the leadership of its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Ralph Izzo, the company drafted a strategic document, â€Å"Be an ethics champion†. This document outlines the lev els of integrity that is expected of company employees, it also stresses the need for these workers to internalize these guidelines to create a unified positive image. This was very necessary since it is publicly owned and requires public trust to effectively execute their functions. It also operates a unique business model as it has subsidiary companies which it has to maintain favourable relationships with (Hansen, 2000). In this document, they highlight internal principles which the company adheres to: to promote accountability, the company submits periodic statements of accounts to the shareholders and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) who peruse them to establish the company’s financial position. This enhances transparency since the authorities scrutinize these books to see if the company engages in unfair trade practices. To promote harmony with company neighbours, it strives to maintain full compliance with environmental regulations which apply within its locati on. Since PSEG deals in dangerous substances which have adverse environmental effects when mishandled, the company has established efficient safety procedures that ensures employees and close neighbours are exposed to minimal risks in case of a disaster at the plant. During company gatherings for instance, the annual general meeting (AGM), the company management engages the shareholders in talks which address these environmental concerns. This stakeholder involvement ensures that the adopted plan gets input from the entire community; the employees, stockholders and clients then feel they have ownership to PSEG by contributing to decision making (Hansen, 2000). PSEG is a company operating in 5 continents; to maintain good ethical practices in countries with inadequate laws protecting integrity at the workplace is very difficult. The company is thus exposed to numerous unethical practices, especially in countries with weak graft laws. In countries with young democracies or authoritari an rule, there are cases of governments demanding high start up cost prior to setting up of an outlet. This partly or wholly goes to private hands in covert business operations. Due to employee racial diversity, the company is faced with personal cases of racial prejudice; the management has the ethical control unit that solves these differences and issue disciplinary actions where appropriate. Lastly, the company encourages employees to be company

Cover letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cover letter - Essay Example iting helps in the examination of the companies’ financial statements and report on internal controls in accordance with General Accepted Accounting Principal, while taxation helps different taxpayers, either individual or corporation in the preparation of tax returns. However, after doing some research, my in-depth analysis of the true meaning of being a tax doctor is described below. It is a job that helps in checking the health of the taxpayer’s return and assist taxpayers avoid unnecessary return audit. Tax doctors represent taxpayers to the central government. Therefore, the first ingredient is to nurture and build a trustworthy relationship with clients. I still remembered once when I volunteered at Volunteer Income Assist Program, I met a client, who had concerns on issues related to conservative and privacy. The person did not want to give answer to any questions that was asked, even about the basic information such as address and phone number. Besides, the person felt shy of speaking with our team. Therefore, I first explained the reason for asking the basic information to file the tax return and explain every detail about the each step of doing the preparing of tax. My patient and professional explanation, gradually the person began answering the questions, and kept inquiring when confused for clarification. Finally, I successfully finished tax return and the person was grateful and appreciating. Second, in order to prevent clients from probable audit risk, tax doctor should have advance knowledge on the trends, change, and procedures of the IRS. The ability to research and solve problem is also important. I participated in a PwC CaseCompetition in August 2013. Our case was to solve a given state tax problem and help increase the state’s tax revenue. As a group leader, I led my team members to analyze and to discuss the case at hand. We found that we could raise taxation on the gas, cigarette and amusement to help the government increase its

Educational Strategies for Dyslexic students Essay

Educational Strategies for Dyslexic students - Essay Example Dyslexia is found to cause extreme depression to the affected individual as he understands his inabilities and deficiency in sharp contrast to the other consummate all-rounders around him. It can greatly reduce a person's confidence as one's extreme efforts may even seem futile when normal competitors toil not even as much and achieve better results. This study shows that with the right learning techniques and an added amount of struggle, along with individual attention of a patient helper, dyslexic children can overcome this problem to a great extent in their formative years. Almost every other school teacher finds at least one incidence of dyslexia in their life-long teaching experience. Teachers often witness cases of extraordinary students suffer from acute stress in class, extreme low self-esteem and a general distrust of the world. It is quite likely they are suffering from a learning disability disorder called Dyslexia. Affected individuals, particularly those unaware of their disorder, are prone to extreme depression and suicidal tendencies which proves them to be a persistent challenge for not only the parents but also the teachers as they require more attention than the other typically developing children. Dyslexia is now declared by Psychologists to be a common learning disability that is characteristic of severe reading impairment without any physiological or psychological problems. No proven cause has been found for dyslexia except that it is surely innate.Dyslexia is a high-incidence disorder among people from all cultures, ethnic groups and socio-economic backgrounds. A tough challenge for school teachers, childhood dyslexia is found in children as a continuous difficulty in writing and reading, both lexically (confusing word meaning) or grammatically (confusing writing rules and word order), of printed words which hinders their reading capabilities. Dyslexia is a genetic neurological problem which affects both men and women equally regardless of their intelligence and is symptomized by frequent aggression, early hearing problems, embarrassment, irritability, headaches, difficulty sleeping, fingernail biting, loss of appetite, bed wetting etc. School is particularly a special challenge for dyslexic children, where so much of their day is focused on dealing with text. Their confusion with vowel sounds, letter reversals (such as 'b' for 'd', or 'p' for 'q') or the inability to write symbols in the correct sequence (such as 'tar' for 'rat') affect their comprehension of the content taught at school in great contrast to t heir typically developing classmates. Various attempts to strategize effective educational practices for these special children have brought about fruitful results when put into application at different schools. Following is a case study of a dyslexic child assigned to a single teacher, who with sufficient attention and appreciation of the teacher, along with his added amount of struggle was able to achieve second place in a class of normal students. Sam, when diagnosed with

Critical Issues in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Critical Issues in Marketing - Essay Example (BRASSINGTON, Frances, 2006) Each one of the "four P's" is a variable that is managed in creation of the marketing blend that draws customers towards company. (CANT, M. C., 2009) This paper hereby emphasizes on the five critical issues in the modern marketing practices that are widely acknowledged as culture jamming, self-help, super markets, counter culture and selling of celebrity. The term "Culture jamming" refers to a cultural backtalk by switching to the language of ascertained power. (GOODMAN, Jennifer, 2006) The process comprises of playing with memorable structures of communiqu and interfaces like "posters, billboards, official language, protocol, spaces and imagery" (GOODMAN, Jennifer, 2006) and spiraling them back against its creator. An undermined note could contain critique of the original or might ally with a novel political message for instance "Class War: Just Do It." (GOODMAN, Jennifer, 2006) Usually, culture jamming is considered as time saving as it is a quick job on an existing advertisement with need of merely a marker. It evenly involves the design of professional media, necessitating the superiority of intricate graphical design and copywriting. Culture jamming had brought an up to date twirl to an elongated legacy of court jesting, opinionated satire and jokey commotions of the society. (KOTLER, Philip, 2005) Unlike its antecedents, although, this modern dissident game is participated principally with signs and symbols in the community that has already approached to be pervade by them. (SOLOMON, Michael R., 2003) The phase for the materialization of culture jamming was laid in the early 20th century as mass fabrication; mass utilization and mass haulage set its foot in Europe and North America. (KOTLER, Philip, 2005) The pace conveyed with these innovative growths shaped a flood of information leading way for industrialized civilizations to search for and grow extra competent codes of message to cope with it all making symbolic lingos more imperative than ever and gave birth to countless novel symbolic code from street map emblems to commercial logos, all intended to craft swift sense of gradually more multifaceted information. (KOTLER, Philip, 2005) In the precedent two decades, culture jamming has caught on far-off and broad range, credit to

Film Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film Critique - Essay Example much as the ethics vary from place to place and from person to another, a proper comprehension of the ethical values of your environment or that of the immediate society becomes a vital concern. This is important since it ensures a common or a mutual coexistence in such societies despite differences. The â€Å"Ideas of March† had been branded a fateful day in the Roman Empire calendar which also had a correspondence to other calendar dates. During this day, Stephen Meyers (Gov. Morris campaign manager), Paul Zara (Gov. Morris campaign aide) and Tom Duffy, (Pullman’s campaign manager) are presented in a campaign in which their ethical standards are subjected to a rigor of scrutiny. A thorough examination of the conduct of the three characters during their campaigns reveals that they have all broken the ethical standards. To begin with appears the rumpled Zara Paul (Philip Seymour Hoffman), who is Morris’s Chief assistant campaign manager. Paul Zara is described as a quite confident and a more devoted admirer of the governor and highlights on the key issues during his speech. The speech addresses the big issues such as military performance, global warming and taxation. However, the address of such issues has been common during the US elections. The latter entails chicanery, blackmail, inappropriate sex, bribery and as a result coerce many individuals to compromise not only their personalities but also declared principles hence sacrifice their ambitions in exchange for survival. The act of pushing individuals into decisions that do not auger well with their will amounts to break of ethical codes and standards set by a particular society. On the other hand, Stephen Myers (Ryan Gosling) appears to the podium where he begins his speech. On the podium, Stephen Myers begins his speech by addressing his religious preferences after which he begins to whistle and whisper into the microphone. Religion is a critical matter in most people lives as it is known to be the

Ethics And Governance Essay Example for Free

Ethics And Governance Essay It raises the interelated notions of individual rights, fairness, equality and entitlement. The principles vary in numerous dimensions. These issues explore the appropriate distribution of social and economic benefits and related costs. There are five principles included an equal share for each individual, a share according to the needs of each individual, a share according to the efforts of each individual, a share according to the social contribution of each individual and a share according to the merits of each individual. There are three theories of distributive justice included Libertarianism, Utilitarian and Egalitarianism. Libertarianism approach It is a theory that defends unlimited laissez-faire capitalism as the only morally justified regime. Libertarian required for the maximization of freedom and liberty or the minimization of violations in these as long as the corporations don’t harm other’s freedom and not breaking the law. Following Locke, Nozick, the entitlement theory depends on the original acquisition of holding, the legitimate transfer of holdings to/ form others and the illegal acquisition of holdings. Libertarianism is doesn’t consider actual distributing in society. It means that the right of every individual to unlimited utilization of his own person (self-ownership); and the right to unrestricted, or relatively mildly limited, appropriation of external resources without suffering others and fraud from these transactions. In addition, an individual has exclusive right to all the goods that are product of use of his talents and efforts and he has either the right to appropriate all natural resources, which he finds and takes before others. Whether the distribution is just depends solely on how holdings were acquired. Property rights are derived from an individual’s basic moral rights, which take priority over all social or legislative arrangements imposed by society. This theory is interested only in this that the above procedures are satisfied and that nobody has used violence to take some goods from others. Forceful intervention of the state for the sake of helping the poor is not allowed. Therefore, any taxation involves violating of libertarianism and allowing some people to own other people. As my choosing company PARKnSHOP Supermarket which organized by Hutchison Whampoa Limited, it is affecting environment that stop handing out plastic bags automatically for customers. For libertarian view, they have used the libertarian approach on their corporate actions and the legitimacy of their actions. The customers have their freedom and choice and right to buy something with plastic bag. Everyone kwon that the plastic bag offered by PARKnShop’s which is not good for the environment. However, most of people like to buy something with plastic bag because they have their freedom and self-ownership. For libertarian, it is ethic for PARKnSHOP’s can offer biodegradable bags and do the promotion on use biodegradable bags and involuntary levy on bags to the customers. It is because PARKnSHOP’s is rewarded so long as they are not breaking the law and don’t harm other’s freedom. However, it’s has some arguments against the libertarianism. It is because any taxation and helping environment involves violating of libertarianism. But, it always helping environment and do a lot of community activities such as involvement in the â€Å"Say No to Plastic Bags† campaign. Utilitarian approach Utilitarianism is the ethical doctrine that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility. Following John Stuart Mill, utilitarian approach is a theory that takes as its primary aims the attainment and concern with maximum possible personal happiness of a society as a whole, which should ultimately determine what is just or unjust behavior. This goal is to be achieved in such a way that one first checks what makes every particular individual in a society happy, then sums up all these various wants and preferences, and finally finds out how to satisfy the greatest number of them. John Stuart Mill acknowledged that the society can receive more return from the more efficient laborer and it is just that talented workers can receive the greater remuneration. It is obtain efficient us of the resources if allow people to benefit from labor. A redistribution of resources increases general happiness of a society. However, the arbitrary and great disparity of distinctions and advocate strict equality may cause the unjust behavior and may cause social breakdown. It is because it would have an adverse influence on the working motivation of the able individuals, and thereby on the overall wealth of the society. Therefore, the utilitarian standard is essential for resolving any conflict between rival principles of justice and increases the allover happiness of a society. The main task is to find a balance between factors that point towards equality and those ones that go against it. It seems that the utilitarian view can be found in PARKnSHOP’s. For PARKnSHOP’s, it concerned with the maximization of happiness of society. It’s has providing a lot of jobs opportunity for the people. Also, PARKnSHOP’s are willing to do the supports community programs, which operate at the grassroots level, usually focused on local, global environment-related issues. It’s always giving back to society and help to create a better end and achieved to the utilitarian. However, it is not mean that can justify the ends. It is because the plastic bag of PARKnSHOP’s is a big problem. The research from the Friends of Earth (HK) shows shoppers want a bag whose need to pay 20 cents for each one. If the levy is constrained, they will initiative to reduce plastic use. One of the reasons of this research is because of they have already build up a habit of using plastic bags. They are driving a change with making profit and contributions. It is a big problem and not concerned with the maximization of personal happiness and argues to the Utilitarian View. Egalitarian approach John Rawls explores the egalitarian approach and tries to determine principles of just society with the help of hypothetical contract among members of a society. His hypothetical introduces the notion of an abstract social contract to establish principles of justice. It is supposed by John Rawls that individuals who make this contract primarily care for their self-interest, that they are rational, well informed about human nature and functioning of society, and that they are placed under so called veil of gnorance. They are also assumed to know nothing about those of their characteristics, individual situation and circumstances that might influence impartiality of the decision-making. In egalitarian, that all members of a society should have the equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities. John Rawls addressed that each person h as equal right to the most extensive scheme same basic liberties and defends this notion that every individual would be assured justice as equal treatment for all once the veil of ignorance is removed. In addition, John Rawls addressed that social and economic inequalities are to meet two conditions. The two conditions are economic inequalities are allowed but only if they benefit even the least advantaged individuals and attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair quality of opportunity. The basic social structure, not the transactions between individuals, should establish justice as a cooperative project for the mutual benefit of society, and minimize the socioeconomic consequences or random natural differences between people. For PARKnSHOP’s, the stakeholders of it is included employees, customers, suppliers materials, wholesales, creditors, government and the environment society. It seems that the equalitarianism can be maintained. It’s paid the high taxes. It’s has always been committed to serving the community through involvement in the territories many social services for all stakeholders as well as charity work such as World Wide Fund for Nature. In addition, they are care about the welfare of people and built up the Li Ka Shing Foundation for the people who in hospital, education, construction and support the community activities and benefit people worldwide. It’s help people in need around the world and gives the equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities for the people. It is the mutual benefit of society, and minimizes the socioeconomic consequences or random natural differences between people. Moreover, It’s gives the equal job opportunity to the minority and women.

Italy between 1918 and 1929 Essay Example for Free

Italy between 1918 and 1929 Essay Fascism was born with an ambiguous face, surging from socialist ideas developed in a strong nationalistic way, embracing monarchy and free-trade; it also had expansionist policies. Mussolini himself was in fact socialist, but as his party was not getting as many votes as he expected he shifted to fascism, but reluctantly breaking his links with socialism. The rise and the consolidation of power was done in a superficially legal manner, but a party led by a dictator needs a harsh rule to stay in power and be to some extent ruthless to bring order something Europe needed, specially after the mess created by World War One. By 1900 the process of unification in Italy, the Risorgimento, had largely been completed territorially, but not in any other respect. The vast majority of the population still felt no real attachment to Italy at all, as a result of Italys continuing weakness as a cultural, industrial, military, and colonial power compared to older European states. This resulted in a deepening national inferiority complex and led to various projects for the renewal of nationalism, both from the extreme left and the extreme right. Italy was promised land in the war and joined at the side of the Allies, but in the end it did not gained what it was promised and this was known as the mutilated victory. The political sphere indicated the government in power was vulnerable, the Italians blamed the government for it did not take a stronger stand. Economically, Italy was in a great (fake, as it was believed it was about to collapse) boom. The North seemed to be booming more than the south. The fear of a communist revolution seemed to have given Mussolini an increasing amount of supporters such as the wealthy (who were afraid of the end of private property), the agrari fascists, richer peasants, estate managers and urban professionals joined the communists in a struggle against the revolution. Fascism survived the 1919 crisis due to the Wealthy Milanese help and the unsuccessful anti-fascist general strike in 1922 launched by the socialists. Still, the PNF (Partio Nazionale Fascista) was not able to win power legally so it was decided to promote the March on Rome, ill armed (they could have easily smashed). The King feared the fascist bonds with the army would drive the country into a civil war and gave Mussolini  the Prime Minister post. After 1922 Mussolinis role was to consolidate his power. In the beginning, however, he decided to slowly ensure his power rather than start a complete political revolution, so not to lose the power he now had. To make fascism stronger a combination of elements was necessary: The ras (headed extensive fascist organizations), the fascist left'(ex-syndicalists seeking popular enthusiasm through a national syndicalistic state), the fascist technocrats (who saw fascism as an elitist, modernizing force, nationalists (pushed fascism to a more pro-capitalist and imperialist way) and the conservatives (wanted the party to gain power as well and defended the social-political status-quo). These pressured Mussolini for a complete fascist takeover. It meant Mussolini had to tighten control over the ras and other rebellious supporters. To do so he created the Fascist Grand Council, what strengthened even more the partys position. In the 1923, in an electoral reform, the Acerbo Law was designed. This would give the leading party at the general election two-thirds of the parliamentary seats. At the April 1924 elections fascism led the way. The Acerbo Law proved to be useless as the fascist party legally got the two-thirds seats. It is believed, however that many of the votes were gotten with the use of violence and bribery from the fascist side. This same year a scandal about the Matteotti murder involving fascist came to public notice. It consisted the murder of a socialist murdered by fascists, increasing the anti-fascist movements and making Mussolini more vulnerable. Many boycotted the parliament Aventine Cexxession (what in the end was, in the end, positive for Mussolini) The ras (at this point made consuls), threatened to take Mussolinis position if a move towards dictatorship was not made and it was in 1925 that Mussolini made clear to the parliament (or what remained of it)his intentions as a dictator (the Fundamental Law was created). Even after the Matteotti crisis the King did not ask Mussolini to resign (willingness of conservatives to abandon the fascist movement fearing a left-wing revival). With his own words, Mussolini affirmed in 1925 that to go against him was to  go against the State, aiming at a totalitarian state. In 1927 a circular status that provisional prefects must obey, even by fascist was created and In 1928 the new Electoral Law was applied while the boycotting of the parliament was taking place. It meant that if one wished to become a member of the parliament, this person should first be accepted by the fascists. By 1929 Mussolini had an accumulation of offices 8 ministries. This is known as the Cult of the Duce (cult of leadership) and was given a major importance in the indoctrination process, in giving Italy a national identity. The educational system had a vital change text books became a state monopoly by 1936. two years later racism was thought in classrooms and one year later a fascist School Charter was created. Youth groups were created outside the school sector it was necessary to keep the young ones as far from the older generation as possible.  The older generation had more experience and could represent a threat to the regime. Culture was also controlled by the government. In 1925 a film institute was set up. In 1934 an office to Cinematography was established. The control of the press symbolized the major oppression freedom of expression was taken away from the Italians by 1926, when the Exceptional Decrees suppressed many papers. Two years later compulsory registration of all journalists with the Fascist Journalist Association became obligatory. Linked to the indoctrination process it is possible to see the coercion, the use of force. In 1926 the OVRA was set up and a Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State. The OVRA was the secret police, responsible to eliminate party traitors and enemies. Furthermore, Mussolinis image was essential for the party to maintain control and popularity over Italy. In 1929 the Lateran Pact would establish relations between the Catholic Church and the Italian State, securing wider acceptance of Mussolinis ruling. By this date the fascist dictatorship was reinforced by supporting a repressive legislation and this treaty would be significant to increase Mussolinis popularity and the support for his  regime thus securing his power. Mussolini promised to bring peace to Italy if possible by love, but if necessary by force as he said in a speech in parliament, which made clear the methods he used for consolidation. To conclude, Mussolini was undoubtedly a great speaker, and the Italians believed he would de the one to bring respect and importance to Italy in a world wide manner. Nevertheless, up to 1926 Mussolini was seeking power through aggressive ways to consolidate his power as quickly as possible, as his fellow communists pressured him to do. From this date onwards, he felt more secure and based himself on persuasive methods to stay in power. Squadristi violence was the most common among the fascists, but censorship can also be considered as an aggression towards the Italian people. Other parties were outlawed, alarming people of the danger to stand up against the party.

The Style Of Quentin Tarantino Film Studies Essay

The Style Of Quentin Tarantino Film Studies Essay   Quentin Tarantino has his own distinctive style that mirrors his quirky vision of the universe. From the early Reservoir Dogs   to the stylish Pulp Fiction, Tarantino has challenged both viewers and the movie industry to look at the medium in a new way. His 2009 effort, the ultra-violent war film Inglorious Basterds, is a solid hit and every bit a Tarantino film. This paper discusses the film in general as well as its cinematography and editing. Discussion            Tarantino is a   director known for his love of film in general. He is knowledgeable about the medium and enjoys paying homage to it by sometimes filming scenes in a way that resembles works by other directors; or by putting a great many pop references in his film. This makes his films very hip, but it can also date them. However, because this film is set in a specific time and place-occupied France in 1944-these are quibbles.            Tarantino is also known for telling several stories simultaneously and bringing the threads together at the last moment to make a coherent whole. This is the structure of Pulp Fiction, in which three separate stories are told out of order: characters that are killed in one story show up later in the film, because that part of their story hasnt been told yet. At times its best to just sit back and let Tarantino do his thing and sort it out later.            Inglourious Basterds is just such a film: there are possibly three stories running simultaneously: the story of the Nazi Colonel Hans Landa and his hunt for Jews (Christoph Waltz); the Basterds themselves, led by Lt. Aldo Raine (Brad Pitt); and the Jewish girl Shoshanna Dreyfuss (Mà ©lanie Laurent), who works in the cinema that will be the setting for the films explosive (literally) climax. Critics are singling out Waltzs diabolical, cruel, witty, charming and perverse Colonel Landa as the best thing in the film; he won the Oscar as Best Supporting Actor for his work, along with almost every other award its possible for an actor to receive. That raises some unpleasant questions: Waltzs character is the representative of possibly the most despicable regime ever to disgrace humanity, so what does that say about audiences who find him attractive and funny? Landa becomes a sort of guilty pleasure, as well as an object lesson in the fact that evil can sometimes wear a very attractive face: There is nothing more disturbing than finding something commendable in a character you want so badly to condemn (Meadows).            The film is simple: Raines group of commandos has been dropped into occupied France with only one object: to kill Nazis. They do so, often with a baseball bat or other suitably unpleasant means, and scalp them (Tarantino). They also have a penchant for carving swastikas into their victims foreheads and their gruesome tactics have unsettled Nazi officers all the way up to Hitler.            The film has surprised   some audiences by its length and others because for a war film, it is surprisingly non-violent; the violence is extreme and gruesome but sparse and contained within a few set pieces. The rest of the film contains a lot of dialogue, which is a hallmark of Tarantinos work. He is in love with dialogue; he likes to explore human relationships and does so by letting his character literally speaks for themselves. People who complain that theres no enough action in the film seem to be missing the point. Berardinelli notes that the long dialogue scenes are merely priming the pump for the action that follows: With every sentence, the tension mounts. Tarantino uses these sequences to prime the audience, teasing them until the suspense is nearly unbearable, then releasing it in one explosive burst. The films editing includes title cards that identify each scene, an old fashioned technique that some critics like while others denigrate. Its the same technique that silent films pioneered, and it has the effect of making the film feel very literary, almost as if the audience has to read it like a book rather than watching it.            The cinematographer on the film is Robert Richardson, who was director of photography for Tarantino on both Kill Bill films; he has also worked on films like The Aviator and A Few Good Men as well as The Horse Whisperer, Casino and Snow Falling on Cedars   (MacGregor). If these films have anything in common, its that they have nothing in common, but in each case Richardson has brought to life their [the directors] most grandiose aspirations in a way that is unrivaled and incomparable (Ebenezer).            In this film, numerous critics have pointed to the scene which introduces Colonel Landa as a perfect example of Richardsons gifted cinematography; he works magic with the lighting and framing here as he does throughout the film (MacGregor). In this scene, Landa is questioning dairy farmer Perrier LaPadite, who is suspected of harboring Jews; as he continues to question the farmer, the camera circles the table moving closer and closer, as if it is tying up the farmer in invisible cords (MacGregor). When Landa orders his men to shoot through the floor, killing the Jews he knows are hidden there, its almost a relief because the tension is so high its unbearable. This is Richardsons skill; and it is on display throughout the film. The structure of the scene of course is Tarantinos; it is his direction. But Richardson has the skill to shoot it the way Tarantino wants it shot, so that it brings his vision to life. Richardsons use of color is extraordinary; for instance, in the scene where Landa comes to the farmhouse, the day is beautiful, clear and sunny; the sky is blue and birds are singing. And into the midst of this idyllic scene comes a monster. The juxtaposition of Landa with the beauty of his surroundings, especially as he then orders the murder of the hidden Jews, is brilliant. It reminds viewers that things are not what they seem, and that the potential for violence is ever-present. It can be argued that the United States today is one of the most violent societies on earth, but the threat of drive-bys, gang wars and shootings cannot compare to the terror of living under the Nazi occupation, where punishment for the slightest infraction was swift and brutal. When Landa pops up in the middle of the idyll ic scene, the day is ruined. Much of the rest of the cinematography is muted, sometimes suggesting old newsreels with washed out colors. This could indicate the age of Europe, or the draining effect of war; it makes Europe, which is beautiful, cold and harsh, in keeping with the mission the Basterds have undertaken. The New York Times also mentions the cinematography, though it is less complimentary than most to the movie overall. Dargis writes that whether or not a viewer likes the film has a lot to do with whether he or she can just groove on Tarantinos cinematic style, which includes his exuberant framing  and staging, his swooping crane shots, postmodern flourishes (Samuel L. Jackson in voice-over explaining the combustibility of nitrate prints) and gorgeously saturated colors, one velvety red in particular (Dargis). With regard to the films much-discussed opening scene in the farmhouse, Dargis calls it a marvel of choreographed camera movement and tightly coordinated performances. When the scene moves ins ide the building, Tarantino provides another homage: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the German soldiers outside are positioned within one of the windows, a shot that recalls the framing of an image in Monte Hellmans 1971 cult classic, Two-Lane Blacktop' (Dargis). Tarantino also gives a nod to a great Hollywood character actor of the 1950s, Aldo Ray, by naming his main character Also Raine; Also Rays widow served as a casting director on this film (Dargis). (For a delightful look at Aldo Ray, look at Were No Angels the original starring Ray, Humphrey Bogart and Peter Ustinov as three Devils Island escapees who are neither as tough nor as evil as they pretend to be.) As for the rest of the film, however, Dargis is less enthusiastic. She notes that the film is actually five set pieces, each organized around specific bits of business and conversations that increasingly converge (Dargis). The first chapter introduced Colonel Landa; the second brings in the Basterds while the third brings Shoshanna together with Joseph Gobbels (Dargis). The fourth chapter deals with the plot to kill Hitler and the final chapter is the destruction of the fire and the death of many of the characters (Dargis). While all this works, Dargis has trouble with Tarantinos use of slow dialogue scenes and she is particularly disquieted by Colonel Landa, whom she describes as charming and seductive (Dargis). A man who is the tool of a regime as repellant as National Socialism should have none of these qualities. And yet Landa has no equal in the film; he owns it, and that makes for some uneasy viewing (Dargis). Conclusion            Inglourious Basterds would be uncharacteristic for any other director but for Tarantino its merely the latest in a string of films that glorify brutality and make heroes out of the most unlikely people: hit men and Nazi colonels. Its also full of Tarantino trademarks: long dialogue scenes that lead up to shot, explosive action sequences; homage to other films; and a never-ending river of blood. He has also, as usual, played with film itself, using title cards that hark back to the days of silent films, and (mercifully!) having his German characters speak German, his Italians speak Italian, his Frenchmen speak French and so on. This means he has also subtitled some of the scenes, but again, this is a director who truly seems to love playing with the medium and all its capabilities. Whether a viewer will enjoy the film or not particular when it contains scenes of soldiers being beaten to death with a baseball bat and other horrific violence probably depends on whet her or not he or she is a Tarantino fan. If so, theyll know what to expect; if not, it can be a bit much. But all in all, the film has proven to be a solid success and another hit for a quirky filmmaker who breaks all the rules.

Jane Eyre is a typical novel of its time. Discuss. Essay -- English Li

Jane Eyre is a typical novel of its time. Discuss. Discuss this quotation, paying particular attention to the social, cultural and historical context within which it was published. There are a large number of elements in the novel 'Jane Eyre' that are very typical of the way of life in the mid 19th century, and also of other novels at that time. Through the novel Charlotte Bronte puts across exactly the factors which were characteristic of the late 18th and 19th century: class and status – both of women and of poor people; public health and illnesses at the time; religion, as well as the gothic elements which were particularly common in 18th/19th century books. Outside even of the actual story, we see evidence historically of the status of women during the 18th and 19th century through the fact that because Charlotte Bronte was a woman, to get her novel published – regardless of its quality - she was forced to use a male pseudonym, Currer Bell. This is a classic demonstration of how women at the time were seen as inferior to men and the sexist views that restricted them in the mid 19th century. The second example of typicality in the novel is the "Red Room"; Charlotte Bronte uses the room to incorporate into the novel the gothic elements which were popular culturally at that time. Bronte puts the room across as a gothic, sinister omen through Jane's fear of it and the association she makes with it and her uncle's death. Further gothic elements are seen later in the novel through Bertha Mason. Jane's arrival at Lowood introduces the reader to the appalling public health conditions which were customary to Bronte during her lifetime. It's likely that the death of Jane's close friend, Helen Burns i... ... similar to Bronte’s experiences which were characteristic of the time she was alive – public health and illness in the 19th century; social incongruence and status; the importance of religion and the position of the poorer class and of women. What, however, is most definitely not typical of the mid 19th century, is the radical feminism which is expressed through ‘Jane Eyre’. Jane’s belief in herself as an equal individual is arguably the impetus of the questioning of class, status and male superiority that followed the mid 19th century. Subsequent to ‘Jane Eyre’, the late 19th and 20th century saw the disintegration of social segregation. The absolutely unique themes of the novel, in particular the extreme feminism and strength of a woman’s mind confirm that there are aspects of ‘Jane Eyre’ that are most definitely not typical of the time it was written.

PepsiCo managerial methods Essay examples -- GCSE Business Marketing C

PepsiCo managerial methods I chose to look at PepsiCo Inc.’s managerial methods. I analyzed the companies organizational mission, ethics management and internet strategy. PepsiCo is a company with many different segments. The one company includes Pepsi-Cola brands, Tropicana brands, and Frito-Lay brands. Each section of the company has about ten to fifteen different brands in it. The management strategies cover all of the segments of the company. PepsiCo Inc.’s mission statement is as follows: â€Å"PepsiCo's overall mission is to increase the value of our shareholder's investment. We do this through sales growth, cost controls and wise investment of resources. We believe our commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to our consumers and customers; providing products that are safe, wholesome, economically efficient and environmentally sound; and providing a fair return to our investors while adhering to the highest standards of integrity.† I think that this mission statement is good because it focuses not only the success of the product, but also the success of the companies investors (including shareholders, which shows the company wishes success for it’s consumers as well). It also clearly states how the company believes it can achieve its mission, through sales growth, cost controls, and wise investment. These are the three main jobs of the management to maintain PepsiCo’s success. I don’t think that anything about their mission statement needs to be changed. I think everything is very clearly stated and it is persuasive in the sense that by reading it, a person can feel like the company knows what is best for them and it’s consumers at the same time. PepsiCo has many different ethics management policies. The two main ethics the company focuses on are the environmental commitment, and the minority/women business enterprises. Because the company produces food and beverages, PepsiCo does not have major environmental problems like a heavy industry does. The companies largest challenge when it comes to the environment is packaging for the products. The company recycle, reuses and reduces packaging whenever possible. Each individual business within the company is responsible for resources required in manufacturing to reduce waste as much as possible. PepsiCo has a â€Å"Environmental Commitment†... ...e of the largest online-off-line promotions ever. I think that PepsiCo has the internet covered fairly well. It is very easy for consumers to find their sites and PepsiStuff.com was an extra bonus for the consumers to get something back from the company. I also think that with the promotions that Pepsi has incorporate their website well. The latest contests with sodas have mostly all required the consumer to go online to see if they won or to look for contest details. I don’t think that it would be necessary for PepsiCo to add much to their internet strategy because they aren’t known as an internet company. They are all over television, radio and magazines, and I don’t really feel that internet marketing would add much to the already nationally known company. I think, from what I learned of PepsiCo, that they have good management techniques that don’t need much revision. It’s fairly obvious by just looking at the company that they have succeed with things the way they have been all along. PepsiCo is a strong company who I believe will be a success for a long time to come. Bibliography PepsiCo Inc. 2001 Minority/Women Business Development Frito-Lay 2001

Lillian Hellman Essay example -- essays research papers

Comparing Lillian Hellman’s The Children’s Hour and The Little Foxes.   Lillian Hellman was a well-known American dramatist who was born in 1905 in New Orleans ("Hellman," 1999). She later moved and attended New York public schools and went on to go to New York University and Columbia University as well. Within the confines of her youth, there had been confusion about her family background (Harmon, 1999). There has always been talk about her parents troubled marriage and other events have cropped up to make Hellman an intriguing figure. Yet, she went on to grow up and find a husband, something typical in her day. She married another playwright named Arthur Kober, but this relationship ended in divorce ("Hellman," 1999; James, 1999). Her intimate friendship with the novelist Dashiell Hammett would continue until his death in 1961 (1999). Yet, Hellman would never remarry. Hellman did not begin to write plays until the 1930s, her dramas are well known for focusing on various forms of evil ("Hellman," 1999). Her work has not escaped criticism however. She has been criticized at various times for her doctrinaire views but she nevertheless kept her characters from becoming social points of view by including credible dialogue and a realistic intensity which put her a step above her peers ("Hellman," 1999). Indeed, Hellman wrote with the skill of a professional but the emotions of a child. I feel she was able to capture the innermost fears and thoughts of people, drawing on their most hideous features. In the encyclopedia Hellman is described as an American Dramatist, whose plays are distinguished for the forcefulness of their matter, usually a condemnation of personal and social evil. They are also notable for character development and expert construction (Encarta). These points come through clearly in both The Children's Hour and The L ittle Foxes. Interestingly, Hellman seemed to entitle these works in an innocuous but mischievous way. In a variety of works, it appears that Hellman’s themes have all centered around evil and lies. They have drawn on things that, for the most part, people do not like to look at. Her works are truly disturbing, as she forces the audience to dig deep into their own psyches. It is important to note that Hellman had grown up in interesting times. She was a teenager in the Roaring ... ...x Plays by Lillian Hellman. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 1-78 Hellman, L. (1979). "The Little Foxes." Six Plays by Lillian Hellman. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 147-199 James, C. (1999, May 31). "That 50's Cocktail of Hellman, Hammett and the Red Scare." New York Times, pp. E1. Kaupunginkirjasto, K. (2000, July 22). "Lillian Hellman (1905-1984)" [online]<www.kirjasto.sci.fi/lhelman.htm> McHenry, R. (1995, December 20). "Hellman, Lillian (biography), Her Heritage: A Biographical Encyclopedia of famous American women" <electronic library> Reuben, P. (2000, July 22). "Chapter 8: American Drama-Lillian Hellman." PAL: Perspectives in American Literature- AA research and reference guide. [online]<www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap8/hellman.html> Webb, K. (2000, July 22). "It’s all a lie: Destructive dishonesty in the works of Lillian Hellman." [online]<http://www2.rpa.net/~webb/kaw/allalie.htm> Wright, W. (1996, November 3) "Why Lillian Hellman remains fascinating." New York Times pp. H9.

Mobile Game Essay

Mobile game is a video game played on a mobile phone, Smartphone, PDA, computer, portable or calculator. This does not include games played on dedicated handheld video game systems such as Nintendo 3DS or PlayStation Vita. These data are available in these companies: Digital Chocolate, Disney Mobile Studios, EA Mobile, Gameloft, Glu, Hands-On, HandyGames, I-Play, IG Fun and THQ Wireless. Mobile games are played using the technology present on the device itself. Mobile games are usually downloaded via the mobile operator’s network, but in some cases are also loaded in the mobile handsets when purchased, via infrared connection, Bluetooth, or memory card. Games played on a mobile device using localization technology like GPS are called location-based games. These are not only played on mobile hardware but also integrate the player’s position into the game concept. In other words: while it does not matter for a normal mobile game where exactly you are (play them anywhere at any time), the player’s coordinate and movement are main elements in allocation. The best-known example is the treasure hunt game Geocaching, which can be played on any mobile device with integrated or external GPS receiver. External GPS receivers are usually connected via Bluetooth. More and more mobile phones with integrated GPS are expected to come. Besides Geocaching, there exist several other location-based games which are rather in the stage of research prototypes than a commercial success. The researcher wants to study this topic to know how much is the business gains of mobile games in this kind of business. Another thing is he wants to know the difference between the games in simple mobile phone compare to iPhone, iPod, and iPad.

Absolutism And Democracy Essay

What form of government was most effective-democracy or absolutism- for the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe? During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there were two forms of government. The two forms of government were democracy and absolutism. Both of these forms of government were effective in their own ways. Absolutism though was the most effective during this time. Absolutism is when the ruler has unlimited power. Many rulers had a democracy government but absolutism was more effective because the rulers had all the power and it was hard to take advantage of them rather than a democracy where many rulers can get over thrown by the people of that country. Machiavelli, who wrote The Prince, felt that the best way to rule was to be feared. He wrote in his book The Prince, â€Å"Men have less hesitation in offending a man who is loved than one who is feared, for love is held by a bond of obligation which, as men are wicked, is broken whenever personal advantage suggests it.† What he means by this is that if you rule by fear people are less likely to defy you than if you rule w ith love. This would be extremely helpful when running a country. King James I also believed that absolutism was the way to rule. He thought that kings were like Gods therefore he believed in Divine Right. Divine Right is the belief that kings get their authority from God. â€Å"The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself they are called gods†. What he means by this is that Kings have every right and power needed to rule. With Kings having every right to rule there would be no questions as to whether or not a King is fit to rule King Louis XIV believed in absolutism. He once stated â€Å"The head alone has the right to deliberate and decide, and the functions of all the other members consist only in carrying out the commands given to them. . . . The more you grant . . . (to the assembled people), the more it claims. . . . The interest of the state must come first.† King Louis XVI is saying that if a  country is ruled by a monarch it is more organized. He also says that people are greedy, so they are more interested in themselves and not the country. He says that Absolutism is the government that makes sure the country is taken care of. The interest of the state must come first, otherwise the entire country would collapse Even though absolutism was the most effective form of government during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries many philosophes believed in democracy. Democracy is when the people of the government have a say in what goes on in the government. One philosopher who believed in democracy was Voltaire. He believed that people’s freedoms are essential, especially the freedom of speech. He once wrote â€Å"I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. . . . The best government seems to be that in which all ranks of men are equally protected by laws. . . .† He is stating his belief in the right of free speech, and that democracy is best. While his beliefs are tempting to many people, if the government did as he believed, there would be nothing but chaos. At that point in time, the people’s minds were not as smart and reasonable. This type of government would end terribly. John Locke is another philosopher who believed in democracy. He wrote in Two Treatises on Government â€Å"Men being . . . by nature all free, equal, and independent, no one can be . . . subjected to the political power of another without his own consent. . . . To protect natural rights governments are established. . . . Since men hope to preserve their property by establishing a government, they will not want that government to destroy their objectives. When legislators try to destroy or take away the property of the people, or try to reduce them to slavery, they put themselves into a state of war with the people who can then refuse to obey laws.† If the governments did as Locke proposes there would be so many revolts about little thi ngs, that nothing would ever get done. Also when Locke states â€Å"no one can be subjected to the political power of another without his own consent† that is untrue. If the majority of a population votes for someone to be put into power, the smaller portion of the population that voted against that person will, in fact, become subjected to the political power of another without his own consent. Baron de Montesquieu wrote in The Spirit of Laws â€Å"Although the forms of state-monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy- were united in English government, the powers of government were separated from one another. There  can be no liberty where the executive, legislative, and judicial powers are united in one person or body of persons, because such concentration is bound to result in arbitrary despotism.† What Montesquieu is saying is that if there were separate powers, there would be liberty. That may be true, but with one absolute monarch the government would be more effective. Everything would get done faster. Both Absolute and Democratic forms of government were effective in their own ways, but Absolutism was the most effective during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe. Absolutism brought on faster solutions to problems. It also was in the best interest of the whole country, and kept the needs of the state first. It kept everything in order, and raised little questions from the people. Overall absolutism was the most suitable government for Europe at this time.

Research method Essay

This research will examine the importance and position of employees in terms of Job Satisfaction and career growth in Jamaica and assess the way in which the needs of the same are met by the banking industry. The approach will be based on proven methodologies applied to the market, starting with an in-depth literature review followed by primary research. This research will concentrate on the research methodologies for the primary research. Research Methodology Before research is undertaken it is important to determine the general approach that is to be used. Looking at the goals that are to be attended and the way research can help attain these goals. Research Framework Eriksson and Wiedersheim-Paul (1997) has stated that the purpose of the research is to tell the readers of the paper the intentions of the study and how these results can be utilised. With the understanding of the purpose the methodological design can take place. There are three general structures that can be used in research terms; exploratory, descriptive and explanatory (Eriksson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1997). Where there is a problem and the purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of that problem the exploratory approach can be very useful (Saunders et al, 2000). This is an approach that looks at gathering the basic data regarding the problem and the scenario and has the aim of developing that knowledge and proposition that can then be used for further research (Yin, 1994). The descriptive study approach looks at the isolated empirical generalisations that have already been study and published and tries to explain these (Miles and Huberman, 1994). This can be defined as making â€Å"complicated things understandable by reducing them to their component parts† (Miles and Huberman, 1994). This is most suitable where the research is not to look at the research between the causes and the symptoms, but wants to understand, predict or decide (Eriksson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1997). Explanatory research takes complex issues and then tries to make them more understandable by examining the connections between the different parts by examining cause and relationship (Miles and Huberman, 1994). This is not looking for only traditional causal explanations but seeking to determine them in the way that that research question has been phrased and how the specific factors impact and interact with each other. When this approach is utilised the research need to consider the use of more than a single research model as this would not be sufficient to explain the observed phenomena and create a full explanation that can be tested. It is worth noting that when undertaking research there is no need for the methodology to be confined to only a single approach, indeed it has been suggested that mixed approaches can be very valuable with the research itself broken down into three stages of exploratory, descriptive and explanatory (Reynolds, 1971). The stage of the research depends on the existing knowledge within the area, at the explanatory stage the aim is for the researcher to obtain a better understanding of the area of research. In the following stage there is the aim to develop descriptions of the patterns which are observed that may have been indicated as expected at the exploratory stage (Reynolds, 1971). The last stage is that of explanatory at which stage the research that has already taken place can be utilised in order to determine the relationship between the cause and effect this can then provide a researcher with a cycle of construction of the theory, hypothesis testing and the restatement of the theory (Reynolds, 1971). This research has the aim of collecting data, assessing and describing the patterns seen in the Jamaica banking provisions for its Employees and how the issue of job satisfaction is important. When considering the way in which the research can be undertaken there are two philosophies; inductive and deductive, but both are able to produce valid results (Eriksson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1997). Where there is the use of empirical data and research will draw conclusions from this empirical data and then applying and apply theories and models observed in the real world this is an inductive approach. Where there is an approach that makes use of existing theories and testing these theories this is deductive research (Eriksson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1997). This is a part of study where there is the publishing of data and results of different countries are available, but there is not a great deal of empirical evidence to test, as such the approach will be inductive with the use of empirical data and the applications of observed theories to try and explain the differences seen in the student performance levels. This approach to the research will ensure that the attention is focused on what can viable be achieved within the time frame and budget and also on the context of work that has already taken place, which is lacking. The data has to be gathered from the population being sampled, so the next consideration is the way in which sampling will take place. The decisions to use questionnaire is justified as this is the most effective way of ensuring that there is the targeting of the correct respondents and there is also control over the performance of the surveys. The next section will look at why we are using questioners as the research tool Research Tool Questionnaires are one of the most popular ways in which data may be collected. These are used for a range of purposes and will often be the tool used to collect quantitative data. But it is worth mentioning that although this may be classified as mostly a quantitative process of collecting data it may also be a qualitative method, depending on the number, depth and style of the questions. Quantitative research over here has relied more on the large amount of results, with the recorded data being mainly numerical in type and has been suitably used as a method of determining cause and effect relationships (Curwin and Slater, 2001). But this qualitative research is narrower and more concentrated by looking to information to be gained in-depth from a smaller quantity of subjects (Curwin and Slater, 2001). Since the data over here require phenomenal research of Grounded theory as well as historical research hence this Qualitative research is best suited for getting applied (Curwin and Slater, 2001). Since the research undertaken over here has been basically done on analysing how the Employee growth has effected change in the behaviour pattern of Jamaican Banking industry as well as the change in the social pattern of the state, the study of the same is going add something to the existing knowledge. Therefore, we must consider the different aspects of research that will characterise a research project as valid; these may include issues such as reliability, validity, objectivity, causality and bias. These may be seen in the questions that are asked, the way they are asked through phrasing and order, and in questions that are not asked. Therefore the questionnaire has been designed while considering the full possibility of getting certain answers, but in what type of answers are attained and to be seen as impartial. There are different aspects that need to be considered so that it will be accepted and good solid research. The formulation of a questionnaire may be inherently biased and reflect the desired out come rather than an objective research method. Reliability may be perceived as one of the easier objectives. This is often seen as the ability of the same study to be conducted and the results to prove the same, however repeatability does it mean that a research project is valid and can be relied upon (Denzin, 1978). We have considered other aspects of the research rather that just reliability in order to make the project valid. Reliability must also come from the level of confidence that may be seen in a study from the objectivity or recognised subjectivity which may be seen to arise. The project have been undertaken from a subjective perspective and those asking the questions if a face to face method is used, do not known the study purpose. The first stage to recognise that subjectivity is present and then recognised in order to overcome. If we set out to prove a model is true it is easy for the research to be biased, just as if we are looking for specific information other aspects may be ignored or forgotten. As such although the researcher may be biased there are certain measures that can be taken to ensure the research model used can be seen to have been implemented objectively. In designing the questionnaire it is likely that there will be others involved either by way of observation or the correlation of the data. When designing the research questions, there should be no indication of the final purpose of the study, in this way we might limit the bias of the respondents and ensure there is a lower risk of the cross contamination of bias (Denzin, 1978). However, it must also be recognised that we can never completely extinguish research bias. With the consideration and design of the research tool the next consideration is that of sampling. Sampling When looking at the way a sample should be chosen there will be the desire to choose a sample that is representative of the population that is going to be targeted. If the population is not representative then the results will not be representative. The way in which we need to consider the population is to look at the way sampling will be used. In this scale we need to talk to people who are working as a professional in one of the nineteen banks in Jamaica. The first aspect is whether probability or non-probability sampling should be used. Probability sampling is a more random sampling style, the basis of this is that the selection of each respondent is a matter of chance and that all respondents will have an equal chance of being chosen, in many cases this can be a known probably of the respondent being selected. There are a number of sampling techniques that fall into this category. These include simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified and cluster sampling. In total there are more than 30 probability sampling techniques (Malhotra, 1999). Random sampling is best defined as a sampling method was any member of the population will not have a zero chance of selection where the chances can be calculated. Looking at these different methods, simple random sampling is the most basic. This is where all members shave the same chance of being chosen and where the knowledge of another population member being chosen for sampling will not alter the odds. A method of undertaking this is choosing names out of a hat or any other random method. Stratified sampling is where the population of the sample is separated into distinct groups which do not overlap; this is where stratification is seen. There will then be samples taken from each of these groups. For example, this may be a sample that is divided into male and females, likewise we may look at those who can and do use the internet and those who do not. There may also be the use of age groups, they key is no overlaps between the groups. The next potential method may be multistage sampling. This may consist of two, three or more stages in the sampling. The process will start with the division of the population into non-overlapping groups as seen with the stratified sampling. However this is only the first stage, following this a sample of the first stage units will be chosen according to different criteria. This can be complex, but we could look at using this to use the second stage to ensure that we can gather results from those who are relevant to the study, such as Employees at the managerial level and have a list of employees working under him. The simplicity of these methods is attractive and the use of random sampling with the use of strafed sampling may be attractive, but there are also difficulties as we are reliant on the probably that the sample will be representative of the sample population rather than an assurance existing that they do not appear to be skewed. In a small sample population it is more important to seek to eliminate this bias than in larger sample groups. In the general population there may need to be a large number of survey’s undertaken before there is the random finding of a respondent that is a ban employee. In order to overcome this danger we will look at non probability sampling techniques as these will have a level of intervention to ensure the sample is representative. The most common is quota sampling, but this will also include judgement sampling, convenience sampling, random route sampling and snowball sampling (Talmage 1988). Quota sampling is exactly as it appears to sound, there are the definition of quotas to be used. In many cases these will consist of gender, age groups and social class quotas, which may or may not have crossovers. This is used widely in commercial settings but this is also a method that is not supported as widely in academic circles (Ojeda and Sahai, 2002). Opportunity sampling is where an opportunity is sought to interview or gain the opinions of a particular group and will then place themselves or the survey in the position of those who may be most appropriate for that study (Talmage 1988). For example, if the employee a bank is placing the interviewer near the business section of the bank may be advantageous. Random route sampling where is there is a route planned and the interviewer may travel that route to gather data and hopefully meet potential subjects. This is a very random method of sampling and is also difficult to gain the correct numbers where there is quantitative data required. Snowball sampling is a method that can be used when there is a scenario of a large level of data being required in a short period of time (Talmage 1988). This may be used with a few key people being approached and interviewed which will then lead to more potential candidates being identified (Talmage 1988). Self section is also a non random type of sampling as the respondents will volunteer themselves and a last type we may consider is that of plausibility sampling which is defined by Talmage (1988) as â€Å"a sample selected because it appears plausible that the members are representative of a wider population, without any real evidence† (page 82). With each of these methods there are advantages and disadvantages, we need to consider which is going to be most appropriate considering the population required and the sample and the sampling method. Looking at all of these it appears that the most appropriate method will be that snowballing, it is not the fastest but it is likely to provide the best results in identifying potential respondents for the research.

Payroll System

The solution has to take care of calculation of salary as per rules of the Company. This Payroll System is a full-featured system that manages financial information of every employee in an organization. It computes and processes the payroll in the certain payroll period. This Payroll System is also a flexible compensation administration solution. It is designed to help human resource professionals as well as finance and accounting personnel to manage employee compensation, deductions, allowances, and benefits in an organization.The system is integrated with the Employee’s information, offers efficient features and functionalities to manage company's expenses. Background of the Study Trends Asia Marketing and Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) provide superior corporate assistance and business solution by giving various services to the companies, business owners, entrepreneurs and professionals. Trends Asia Marketing and Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) offer solutions to help your b usiness succeed. They are committed to excellence in providing an effective, efficient support system for all phases of your business.They can assist you from start-up, taking care of the countless details that need to be handled, they can help with tasks relating to day-to day operations, and they can help formulate and implement effective business strategies to help your business grow and flourish. Because of these, Trends Asia Marketing and Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) grows immediately but Mrs. Agnes De Guzman Francia the owner realize that its hard to use the â€Å"Mano – Mano System† when she gives the salary and wages to her employees, since her business achieved the highly status recommendation around the Philippines.She decided to cooperate with a computer manufacturer in designing and analyzing the system. She request to the computer designer to do something that makes easier when she giving the salary of her employees. She adds some details like the log â €“ in form, because she said, she wants to personalize and to maintain the confidentiality of the information contains. She also added some details in the second form like employee’s name, and no. of hours worked and the other design and details are done by the computer designer. After 5 – 6 years working out with this system, Mrs.Agnes De Guzman Francia wants to update their Payroll System and change the other information. That‘s why we offer Mrs. Agnes De Guzman Francia a free system which conceptualized the information according to her wants. Problem Definition Last Friday December 11, 2009, we decided to start doing our system entitled Payroll System. To describe the system before we conceptualize it, it contains Employee’s Name, No. of hours worked, O. T. pay, Rate per hour, basic pay, and Gross pay. Now we added the deductions that typically reduced in the salary in a regular employee, it contains SSS, MED, Total Deductions and Net pay.Of course before we succeed in doing this system, we encounter a lot of problems and those are problems are not easy to solve like the calculation that we need to input to performed the right calculations in this system, we don’t know how much is the cost of the SSS, MED and the Other fees that we need to lessen in the salary of a employee. To solve these problems our group think some possibilities which help us to fulfil our project. First we asked some regular employees how much the cost of the SSS that their employer deducts in their salary.Our Second option is we search and surf the net to know the cost of following. Significance of the Study Payroll System is important to every company because any business that employed people will have to process those wages of the employee when they are due. In order to make sure that your payroll is processed correctly and accurately, you need a system which appropriate to your needs. That’s why this system exists. Payroll System is done by calculating how much each employee is owed, then making the appropriate deductions for tax, SSS pensions, etc. nd sending those to the relevant tax offices. Then payslips need to be printed and issued to employees and the duplicate copy will be given to the administration or to the accounting department to record the transaction. Scope and Delimitation CHAPTER 2 Existing systems overview Background of the Company Last quarter of 2004, four friends have conceptualized venturing into salon operations, since no one has knowledge in salon operations; they agreed to venture into salon franchise agreement.Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) was incorporated on October 4, 2004 to formally handle the franchise agreement with F Salon ; Body Spa. The franchise outlet was located in San Joaquin, Pasig Branch. First quarter of year 2005, the corporation engaged in various services aside from operating a salon franchise. The corporation engaged itself in providing manpower outsourcing and other allied services. Management of the franchise was left under Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO).Conflict on financing the manpower activities which remained solely on the part of its operations manager, Mrs. Agnes De Guzman Francia, prompted her to segregate the F Salon ; Body Spa Franchise from Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO), and pursue its manpower sourcing and allied services. The salon franchise is continuing to date with the original partners who established it and Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) was left under the management of Mrs. Agnes De Guzman Francia.Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) now was transformed as a family corporation. Having seen the viability and profitability of salon operation, the husband and wife team of Francia’s locate feasible locations for possible salon outlet. On September 2006, an existing salon outlet was being sold by its owner who is migrating abroad. Right there and then, the couple decided to buy out and pay for the existing salon and transform the salon outlet into what it is today. Yanna’s Salon ; Body Spa opened on September 24, 2006 till under the operation nd management of Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO). Yanna’s Salon was named from the spouse’s youngest daughter â€Å"Yanna†. The Salon from the initial opening date, continue to how brisk business and good sales performance. Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) at present is continuing its manpower sourcing and business set up and accounting services. The 1st Yanna’s Salon is situated in corner Village East, Cainta Rizal which commences its operations on September 18, 2006 and the 2nd outlet in Rosario, Pasig City commences on November 24, 2006.The company has a target of at least maintaining 6 company owned salon locations starting within Rizal Area and in the future a possib ility of offering salon franchises in any parts of the Metropolis and in nearby provinces. Yanna’s Salon ; Body Spa is a full – service beauty salon adhering to consistently provide high customer satisfaction by rendering excellent service, quality products, and furnishing an enjoyable atmosphere at an acceptable price/value relationship.They will also maintain a friendly, fair and creative work environment, which respects diversity, ideas, and hard work. Existing Systems Overview Existing Systems Overview | | |UTILITY EXPENSE | |   | Annual Expense | | |Monthly Expense | | |   |   |   | |   |   |   | |WATER |P 1,800. 0 |P 21, 600. 00 | |   |   |   | |   |   |   | |   |   |   | | |UTILITY EXPENSE | |   | |Annual Expense | | |Monthly Expense | | |   |   | | |   |   |   | |TELEPHONE |P 3, 300. 00 |P 39, 600. 0 | |   |   |   | |   |   |   | |   |   | | Data Flow Diagram CHAPTER 3 System findings System Findings A nalysis for Proposed System Cost CHAPTER 4 System implementation System Implementation Chart of Comparison for the Existing and Proposed System [pic] Statistical Computation Monthly Benefit (MB) |Annual Benefit (AB) | |MB = EC – PC |EC * 12 Months =? | |MB = 30,000 – 15,000 |PC * 12 Months =? | |MB = 15,000 |AB = EC – PC | |   |AB = 360,000 – 180,000 | |   |AB = 180,000 | Break Even Analysis [pic] Comparative Chart for Monthly and Annual Benefit Existing Monthly Cost |Existing Annual Cost | |Existing Monthly Cost = 30,000 |Existing Annual Cost = 360,000 | |After 5 months = 150,000 |After 5 years = 1,800,000 | |Monthly Benefit = 6,000 |Annual Benefit = 72,000 | | | | |Proposed Monthly Cost |Proposed Annual Cost | |Proposed Monthly Cost = 15,000 |Proposed Annual Cost = 180,000 | |After 5 months = 75,000 |After 5 years = 900,000 | |Monthly Benefit = 3,000 |Annual Benefit = 36,000 | Comparative Chart for Monthly and Annual BenefitComparative Chart for Mon thly and Annual Benefit CHAPTER 5 Summary Summary Conclusion Recommendation Objective of the Study The Primary objective of this study is to continuously operate the Payroll Department of Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) which held the salary and wages of their employees. Secondly, the Payroll Department of Trends Asia Marketing ; Services Corporation (TRAMSCO) make a payroll report easier rather than before. [pic] ———————– START NO YES LOGIN CALCULATE EXIT B. P = N. H. W * R. P/H O. T = R. P/H * -1. 25 GP = B. P + O. T D = SSS + MED + OTHERS FEES N. P = GP – D OUT PUT END END FLOW CHART Payroll System Title: A LAN- Based Attendance Monitoring System Using Biometric Device For Don Jesus Gonzales High School Brief Description of the Proposed Thesis Don Jesus Gonzales High School is located at Pandacaqui Resettlement Mexico Pampanga . At present, the school doesn’t have an automated system which can verify if the person entering the school is a bonified student . The school security guard just check the id of the students one by one before entering the school. Sometimes, some people were able to pass even without id when there are many students going in. The proposed system will allow the guard to be able to know by the biometric device if the person entering the school is a registered student or not. Another, the faculty members also takes time in writing the time when they arrived and/or go out to school. The system will record the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members . Upon scanning all their finger to the biometric device. It will also assure the safety of the students, staff and school. The system will use biometric device to verify all the finger if its registered on the database to ensure that the person entering the school is a bonified student. Also when the student entering the school has a violation, a notice will appear on the monitor screen. To keep record of the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members, same procedure also by the use of biometric device, the information will be saved on the database The system itself is secured. Before a person access the system, he/she would be asked to input a username and password then it will be processed if it is granted or decried. The authorized persons are the principal, guidance councilor, the head of the computer subjects and one school coordinator. Statement of objectives These are the objectives of the proposed study General Objective The main objective of the study is to create a LAN based student monitoring and faculty attendance. Monitoring System using biometric device for Don Jesus Gonzales High School that will identify if the person enters the school is a bonified student and to record the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members. Specific Objectives * To ensure the security of the school. * To increase the visibility of trespassers/intruders. * To have an accurate data about the attendance of the faculty. To automate the system that is efficient and user friendly. * To provide notification about student’s violation. Significance of Proposed Thesis Topic or Justification The study benefits its locale, Don Jesus Gonzales High School. The system is a good way in increasing the campus security. It will assure the safety of the students, faculty, staff and community. Also, it will incre ase the visibility of the intruders and avoid violence in the school.. The faculty members and students will also benefits on this study since the system will make the process faster and hassle free. Lastly, the system can also be a basis of other school in developing an students and faculty monitoring system. Review of Related Literature And Studies Fingerprint biometrics are used in a variety of applications including electronic door locks, smart cards, vehicle ignition control systems, USB sticks with fingerprint controlled access, and many others. Digital signal processing elements in fingerprint scanners perform complex DSP functions such as filters, transforms, feature extraction, matching operations and other algorithms. At the CARTES & IDentification 2011 conference in Paris, France, DigitalPersona, Inc. nnounced that the company has open sourced its new MINEX-certified FingerJetFX fingerprint feature extraction technology. FingerJetFX, Open Source Edition (OSE), is free, portable software that device manufacturers and application developers can use to convert bulky fingerprint images into small, mathematical representations called fingerprint â€Å"templates† for efficient storage or comparison. The software has been released under the Lesser GNU Public License (LGPL), giving developers the flexibility to adapt the extractor to their particular platforms and applications. DigitalPersona is also offering a separate commercially-licensed version that adds fast fingerprint matching for both identification and verification while still running in a small amount of memory. Once the image is captured the digital information is transferred to a digital signal processor to generate a match. The first step in the matching process is conditioning the scanned fingerprint. Finger print readers rarely use the full fingerprint for identification. Rather, DSPs use algorithms to extract the unique features and patterns of each print to generate a unique digital code. The second step in the software flow is to take the code generated from the scanned image and compare it to a database of potential matches. The compare step requires the system to have access to print information in a networked database or a non-volatile memory unit. Computer Hardware and Software to be Used The study will use several software and hardware for the development of the proposed system. Software * Visual studio * Visual Basic 2000- for the main design of the system interface of the system. * Microsoft Office 2007 Microsoft Access- for the database of the system. Hardware * Computer set * Processor Intel ® Pentium ® 4cpu 3. 00 GHz * Memory 1014MB RAM * Internet connection * Biometric device Detailed Features of the Proposed System These are the detailed features of the proposed system * Secured access of the system. * User Friendly interface. * Time-In time-Out of faculty using Biometric * Notification/Flash Message to students with violation * The system displays im age and other basic info about the students and faculty members * Biometric scanning to able to enter the school. Payroll System Telecommunications network is a combination of nodes and links which are arranged in a manner so that the message may pass from the one part of the network to the other by traveling over variable nodes. Essential Parts of the Network There are five basic segments of this type of network. These parts include terminals, channels, processors, computers and control softwares. The starting and ending point of the telecommunication networks is known as a network terminal. There are many input and output devices which are often placed under the heading of terminals. Telecommunication processors are often helpful in transferring data between the terminals of the network. These processors also provide variety of control and support functions. Telecommunication channels are the reception and transmission point for the data and messages. The network computers are arranged in a manner so that they establish a network connection using different media, these computer terminals help in communication. Telecommunication network software governs the control and functional activities with the help of software in a network. The structure of telecommunication network has three main components the control plane, the user plane and the management plane. As indicated by its name the control plane carries control information and data. The data plane or user plane monitors the user traffic in the network. The third and last component management plane carries the operation and administration traffic over the network. Types of Telecommunication Networks. Telecommunication network has many types like wide area network, metropolitan area network, local area network, campus area network, personal area network, virtual private networks, client server network, peer to peer network, network computing. The network which is spread over a large geographic area is known as wide area network. This network has helped businesses which are dispersed over different regions to communicate to the head office. Metropolitan area network covers the area of nearly one city or county. Its area and coverage is more than the local area network and less han the wide area network. The communication of computers in a very small geographical area is known as local area network. Campus area network is a network which is restricted to the small geographical area which is limited to the university campus or a building. Personal area network is a network which is limited to an individual. Virtual private network is built on the principle of secure encrypted network in order to provide complete security to the users. The client server network is network which is connected to the LAN at one end and the back up server at the other end. When a computer uses network browser to connect to the other computers in the network it is known as network computing. Microsoft office online is the good example of such kind of network. Peer to peer network is used for connecting only those computers which have copy rights to use each others resources. Examples of a Telecommunication Network The first example of the telecommunication network is computer networks . computer network is set of computers which are attached to each other for the purpose of resource sharing. The second example is the internet. Internet is the global network which allows the users in many dispersed areas to connect via web browsers and telecommunication technologies provide by internet services providers. Third example is of the public switched telephone networks, it is a circuit switched network which used to carry analog signals but now it carries digital signals mostly. The fourth example is the working of global telex; it is a set of machines which include teleprinters and tele typewriters. The last example is of the aircraft communication addressing Payroll System Title: A LAN- Based Attendance Monitoring System Using Biometric Device For Don Jesus Gonzales High School Brief Description of the Proposed Thesis Don Jesus Gonzales High School is located at Pandacaqui Resettlement Mexico Pampanga . At present, the school doesn’t have an automated system which can verify if the person entering the school is a bonified student . The school security guard just check the id of the students one by one before entering the school. Sometimes, some people were able to pass even without id when there are many students going in. The proposed system will allow the guard to be able to know by the biometric device if the person entering the school is a registered student or not. Another, the faculty members also takes time in writing the time when they arrived and/or go out to school. The system will record the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members . Upon scanning all their finger to the biometric device. It will also assure the safety of the students, staff and school. The system will use biometric device to verify all the finger if its registered on the database to ensure that the person entering the school is a bonified student. Also when the student entering the school has a violation, a notice will appear on the monitor screen. To keep record of the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members, same procedure also by the use of biometric device, the information will be saved on the database The system itself is secured. Before a person access the system, he/she would be asked to input a username and password then it will be processed if it is granted or decried. The authorized persons are the principal, guidance councilor, the head of the computer subjects and one school coordinator. Statement of objectives These are the objectives of the proposed study General Objective The main objective of the study is to create a LAN based student monitoring and faculty attendance. Monitoring System using biometric device for Don Jesus Gonzales High School that will identify if the person enters the school is a bonified student and to record the â€Å"time in† and â€Å"time out† of the faculty members. Specific Objectives * To ensure the security of the school. * To increase the visibility of trespassers/intruders. * To have an accurate data about the attendance of the faculty. To automate the system that is efficient and user friendly. * To provide notification about student’s violation. Significance of Proposed Thesis Topic or Justification The study benefits its locale, Don Jesus Gonzales High School. The system is a good way in increasing the campus security. It will assure the safety of the students, faculty, staff and community. Also, it will incre ase the visibility of the intruders and avoid violence in the school.. The faculty members and students will also benefits on this study since the system will make the process faster and hassle free. Lastly, the system can also be a basis of other school in developing an students and faculty monitoring system. Review of Related Literature And Studies Fingerprint biometrics are used in a variety of applications including electronic door locks, smart cards, vehicle ignition control systems, USB sticks with fingerprint controlled access, and many others. Digital signal processing elements in fingerprint scanners perform complex DSP functions such as filters, transforms, feature extraction, matching operations and other algorithms. At the CARTES & IDentification 2011 conference in Paris, France, DigitalPersona, Inc. nnounced that the company has open sourced its new MINEX-certified FingerJetFX fingerprint feature extraction technology. FingerJetFX, Open Source Edition (OSE), is free, portable software that device manufacturers and application developers can use to convert bulky fingerprint images into small, mathematical representations called fingerprint â€Å"templates† for efficient storage or comparison. The software has been released under the Lesser GNU Public License (LGPL), giving developers the flexibility to adapt the extractor to their particular platforms and applications. DigitalPersona is also offering a separate commercially-licensed version that adds fast fingerprint matching for both identification and verification while still running in a small amount of memory. Once the image is captured the digital information is transferred to a digital signal processor to generate a match. The first step in the matching process is conditioning the scanned fingerprint. Finger print readers rarely use the full fingerprint for identification. Rather, DSPs use algorithms to extract the unique features and patterns of each print to generate a unique digital code. The second step in the software flow is to take the code generated from the scanned image and compare it to a database of potential matches. The compare step requires the system to have access to print information in a networked database or a non-volatile memory unit. Computer Hardware and Software to be Used The study will use several software and hardware for the development of the proposed system. Software * Visual studio * Visual Basic 2000- for the main design of the system interface of the system. * Microsoft Office 2007 Microsoft Access- for the database of the system. Hardware * Computer set * Processor Intel ® Pentium ® 4cpu 3. 00 GHz * Memory 1014MB RAM * Internet connection * Biometric device Detailed Features of the Proposed System These are the detailed features of the proposed system * Secured access of the system. * User Friendly interface. * Time-In time-Out of faculty using Biometric * Notification/Flash Message to students with violation * The system displays im age and other basic info about the students and faculty members * Biometric scanning to able to enter the school. Payroll System Telecommunications network is a combination of nodes and links which are arranged in a manner so that the message may pass from the one part of the network to the other by traveling over variable nodes. Essential Parts of the Network There are five basic segments of this type of network. These parts include terminals, channels, processors, computers and control softwares. The starting and ending point of the telecommunication networks is known as a network terminal. There are many input and output devices which are often placed under the heading of terminals. Telecommunication processors are often helpful in transferring data between the terminals of the network. These processors also provide variety of control and support functions. Telecommunication channels are the reception and transmission point for the data and messages. The network computers are arranged in a manner so that they establish a network connection using different media, these computer terminals help in communication. Telecommunication network software governs the control and functional activities with the help of software in a network. The structure of telecommunication network has three main components the control plane, the user plane and the management plane. As indicated by its name the control plane carries control information and data. The data plane or user plane monitors the user traffic in the network. The third and last component management plane carries the operation and administration traffic over the network. Types of Telecommunication Networks. Telecommunication network has many types like wide area network, metropolitan area network, local area network, campus area network, personal area network, virtual private networks, client server network, peer to peer network, network computing. The network which is spread over a large geographic area is known as wide area network. This network has helped businesses which are dispersed over different regions to communicate to the head office. Metropolitan area network covers the area of nearly one city or county. Its area and coverage is more than the local area network and less han the wide area network. The communication of computers in a very small geographical area is known as local area network. Campus area network is a network which is restricted to the small geographical area which is limited to the university campus or a building. Personal area network is a network which is limited to an individual. Virtual private network is built on the principle of secure encrypted network in order to provide complete security to the users. The client server network is network which is connected to the LAN at one end and the back up server at the other end. When a computer uses network browser to connect to the other computers in the network it is known as network computing. Microsoft office online is the good example of such kind of network. Peer to peer network is used for connecting only those computers which have copy rights to use each others resources. Examples of a Telecommunication Network The first example of the telecommunication network is computer networks . computer network is set of computers which are attached to each other for the purpose of resource sharing. The second example is the internet. Internet is the global network which allows the users in many dispersed areas to connect via web browsers and telecommunication technologies provide by internet services providers. Third example is of the public switched telephone networks, it is a circuit switched network which used to carry analog signals but now it carries digital signals mostly. The fourth example is the working of global telex; it is a set of machines which include teleprinters and tele typewriters. The last example is of the aircraft communication addressing Payroll System Telecommunications network is a combination of nodes and links which are arranged in a manner so that the message may pass from the one part of the network to the other by traveling over variable nodes. Essential Parts of the Network There are five basic segments of this type of network. These parts include terminals, channels, processors, computers and control softwares. The starting and ending point of the telecommunication networks is known as a network terminal. There are many input and output devices which are often placed under the heading of terminals. Telecommunication processors are often helpful in transferring data between the terminals of the network. These processors also provide variety of control and support functions. Telecommunication channels are the reception and transmission point for the data and messages. The network computers are arranged in a manner so that they establish a network connection using different media, these computer terminals help in communication. Telecommunication network software governs the control and functional activities with the help of software in a network. The structure of telecommunication network has three main components the control plane, the user plane and the management plane. As indicated by its name the control plane carries control information and data. The data plane or user plane monitors the user traffic in the network. The third and last component management plane carries the operation and administration traffic over the network. Types of Telecommunication Networks. Telecommunication network has many types like wide area network, metropolitan area network, local area network, campus area network, personal area network, virtual private networks, client server network, peer to peer network, network computing. The network which is spread over a large geographic area is known as wide area network. This network has helped businesses which are dispersed over different regions to communicate to the head office. Metropolitan area network covers the area of nearly one city or county. Its area and coverage is more than the local area network and less han the wide area network. The communication of computers in a very small geographical area is known as local area network. Campus area network is a network which is restricted to the small geographical area which is limited to the university campus or a building. Personal area network is a network which is limited to an individual. Virtual private network is built on the principle of secure encrypted network in order to provide complete security to the users. The client server network is network which is connected to the LAN at one end and the back up server at the other end. When a computer uses network browser to connect to the other computers in the network it is known as network computing. Microsoft office online is the good example of such kind of network. Peer to peer network is used for connecting only those computers which have copy rights to use each others resources. Examples of a Telecommunication Network The first example of the telecommunication network is computer networks . computer network is set of computers which are attached to each other for the purpose of resource sharing. The second example is the internet. Internet is the global network which allows the users in many dispersed areas to connect via web browsers and telecommunication technologies provide by internet services providers. Third example is of the public switched telephone networks, it is a circuit switched network which used to carry analog signals but now it carries digital signals mostly. The fourth example is the working of global telex; it is a set of machines which include teleprinters and tele typewriters. The last example is of the aircraft communication addressing